The contents of capsules other than Modified-release (Sustained-release) Capsules do not contain any added colouring agent. Hard Capsules: Hard capsul

fillers, wetting agents and disintegrating agents. The contents of capsules other than Modified-release (Sustained-release) Capsules do not contain any added colouring agent. Hard Capsules: Hard capsules contain the medicament(s) in the solid form. Where two mutually incompatible drugs are present in the mixture, one of the drugs can be put as a tablet or pellet or in small capsule and then enclosed with the other drug in a large capsule.Soft Capsules: Soft capsules shells are usually formed, filled with medicament and sealed in a combined operation on machines. In some cases, shells for extemporaneous use may be performed. The shells which are thicker than those of hard capsules are formed to produce capsules which are spherical, oval or cylindrical with hemispherical ends. The shells may sometimes contain a medicament. They may contain a preservative to prevent growth of fungi. The contents of soft capsules usually consist of liquids or solids dissolved or dispersed in suitable excipients to give a paste-like consistency but may also consist of powders or granules. As soft gelatin shells contain appreciable amounts of water, migration of capsule contents, particularly of% water-soluble ingredients, may occur. Modified-release Capsules: Modified-release (Sustained-release) Capsules are hard or soft capsules in which the contents or the shell, or both, contain auxiliary substances or are prepared by a special process designed to modify the rate at which the active ingredients are released Enteric Capsules: Enteric Capsules are hard or soft capsules prepared in such a manner that the shell resists the action of the gastric fluid but is attacked by the intestinal fluid to release the contents. STANDARDSContent of active ingredients: Determine the amount of active ingredient(s) by the method desctibed in the Assay and calculate the amount of active ingredient(s) in each capsule. The result lies within the range for the content of active ingredient(s) stated in the monograph. This range is based on the requirement that 20 capsules, or such other number as may be indicated in the monograph, are used in the Assay. Where 20 capsules cannot be obtained, a smaller number, which must not be less than 5, may be used, but to allow for sampling errors the tolerances are widened in accordance with Table 1. The requirements of Table 1 apply when the stated limits are between 90 and 110%. For limits other than 90 to 110%, proportionately smaller or larger allowances should be made. Uniformity of weight: This test is not applicable to capsules that are required to comply with the test for Uniformity of content for all active ingredients.Weigh an intact capsule. Open the capsule without losing any part of the shell and remove the contents as completely as possible. To remove the contents of a soft capsule the shell may be washed with ether or other suitable solvent and the shell allowed to stand until the odour of the solvent is no longer detectable. Weigh the shell. The weight of the contents is the difference between the weighings. Repeat the procedure with a further 19 capsules. Determine the average weight. Not more than two of the individual weights deviate from the average weight by more than the percentage deviation shown in Table 2 and none deviates by more than twice that percentage. TABLE 2Average weight of capsule Percentage deviation contents Less

Ford Price Target Raised at Goldman, Deutsche on Mulally Gains

Officer Alan Mulally added U.S. market share and boosted prices without a federal bailout, two analysts said.
The shares may reach $9.50 in six months, Goldman, Sachs & Co.’s Patrick Archambault wrote in a July 24 (Bloomberg) -- Ford Motor Co.’s stock may gain as much as 36 percent after Chief Executive report. Deutsche Bank’s Rod Lache in New York raised his target price to $8 from $5.50. Ford slid 18 cents, or 2.6 percent, to $6.83 at 9:36 a.m. in New York Stock Exchange composite trading as U.S. stocks fell.
“Overall, we were impressed with the execution of Ford’s turnaround plan,” Lache wrote today, maintaining his “hold” rating. Ford’s North American region, its biggest, “appears to be on the right track.”
Mulally cut $10.1 billion from the Dearborn, Michigan-based automaker’s liabilities this year with a debt exchange and seeks union concessions to match those granted to General Motors Co. and Chrysler Group LLC in U.S.-backed bankruptcies. Smaller sales declines at Ford have helped boost U.S. market share.
Ford more than tripled this year through yesterday for the second-biggest advance in the Standard & Poor’s 500 stock index. The shares surged 9.4 percent yesterday after Ford’s second- quarter adjusted loss beat analysts’ estimates.
The results show Ford may be “best positioned to deliver” on auto industry “momentum,” wrote Archambault, who is based in New York and advises buying the shares. Mulally has reduced costs while also raising prices, Archambault wrote.
A rising share price may allow Ford to sell more stock, Joseph Amaturo, a New York-based analyst for Buckingham Research Group, wrote today. He rates the stock as “neutral.” JPMorgan Chase & Co. and Credit Suisse Holdings USA Inc. made similar predictions last week. Ford issued 345 million shares in May, raising $1.6 billion.
Ford’s adjusted loss was 21 cents a share, excluding one- time costs and gains, narrower than the 50-cent average loss estimate among 12 analysts surveyed by Bloomberg. Net income was $2.26 billion, or 69 cents a share, primarily on a $3.4 billion non-cash gain resulting from shrinking debt.
Ford passed Toyota Motor Corp. for second place in U.S. market share through June, behind GM.

July 24 (Bloomberg) -- Ford Motor Co.’s stock may gain as much as 36 percent after Chief Executive Officer Alan Mulally added U.S. market share and boosted prices without a federal bailout, two analysts said.
The shares may reach $9.50 in six months, Goldman, Sachs & Co.’s Patrick Archambault wrote in a report. Deutsche Bank’s Rod Lache in New York raised his target price to $8 from $5.50. Ford slid 18 cents, or 2.6 percent, to $6.83 at 9:36 a.m. in New York Stock Exchange composite trading as U.S. stocks fell.
“Overall, we were impressed with the execution of Ford’s turnaround plan,” Lache wrote today, maintaining his “hold” rating. Ford’s North American region, its biggest, “appears to be on the right track.”
Mulally cut $10.1 billion from the Dearborn, Michigan-based automaker’s liabilities this year with a debt exchange and seeks union concessions to match those granted to General Motors Co. and Chrysler Group LLC in U.S.-backed bankruptcies. Smaller sales declines at Ford have helped boost U.S. market share.
Ford more than tripled this year through yesterday for the second-biggest advance in the Standard & Poor’s 500 stock index. The shares surged 9.4 percent yesterday after Ford’s second- quarter adjusted loss beat analysts’ estimates.
The results show Ford may be “best positioned to deliver” on auto industry “momentum,” wrote Archambault, who is based in New York and advises buying the shares. Mulally has reduced costs while also raising prices, Archambault wrote. A rising share price may allow Ford to sell more stock, Joseph Amaturo, a New York-based analyst for Buckingham Research Group, wrote today. He rates the stock as “neutral.” JPMorgan Chase & Co. and Credit Suisse Holdings USA Inc. made similar predictions last week. Ford issued 345 million

A The infra-red absorption spectrum, Appendix 5.4, is concordani wilh the reference spectrum of carbimazole or with the spectrum obtained from carbima

odour, characteristic Solubility Freely soluble in chloroform; soluble in acelone; sparingly soluble in ethanol (95%), slightly soluble in water and in ether Storage Store in well-closed containerst. STANDARDSCarbimazole contams not less than 98.5 per cent and not more than 100.5 per cent of C7H10N202S, calculated with reference to tne dried substance Idenlification A The infra-red absorption spectrum, Appendix 5.4, is concordani wilh the reference spectrum of carbimazole or with the spectrum obtained from carbimazole RS. B: Heat 0.2 g with 5 ml of dilule hydrochloric acid on a water-bath for 1 hour. Cool, extract with three quantities, each of 5 ml, of chloroform, wash he combined chloroform extracts with 0.5 ml of water, filter through a dry filter paper and remove the chloroform The residue, after crystallisation from ethanol (95%), melts at about 140°, Appendix 8.8. C: To a small quantity add 1 drop of dilute potassium iodobismuthate solution, a scarlet colour is produced. Methimazole: Carry out the method for thin-layer chromatography, Appendix 4.6, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of 80 volumes of chloroform and 20 volumes of acetone as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10 ul of eachof two solutions in chloroform containing (1) 1 0% w/v of the substance being examined and (2) 0005% w/v of methimazole RS and develop immediately. After removal of the plate, allow it to dry in air and spray with dilute potassium mdobismuthate solution Any spot corresponding to methimazole in the chromatogram obtained with solution (1) is not more intense than the spot in the chromatogram oblamed with solution (2) Sulphated ash: Nol more than 0 1 %, Appendix 3 22 Loss on drying Nol more than 0 5%, determined on 1 g by drying over phosphorus pentoxide at a pressure not exceeding 0.7 kPa for 24 hours, Appendix 8.6. Assay: Weigh accurately about 50 mg and dissolve in sufficient water to produce 500 0 ml To 10 0 ml of the solulion add 10 ml of IM hydrochloric acid and sufficient water to produce 100 0 ml and measure the absorbance of the resulting solution at the maximum at about 291 nm, Appendix 5.5 Calculate the content of C7H10N202S taking 557 as the value of A(1%, 1 cm) at the maximum at about 291 nm CARBIMAZOLE TABLETS Usual strengths: 5 mg, 20 mg. Storage: Slore in well-closed containers in a cool place STANDARDSCarbimazole Tablels contain not less than 90 0 per cent and not more than 110.0 per cent of the stated amount of carbimazole, C7H10N202S. The tablets may be coated. Identification: A: Shake a quantity of the powdered tablets equivalent of 50 mg of Carbimazole with two quantities, each of 5 ml of chloroform. Combine the chloroform extracts, filter and evaporate the filtrate to dryness. The infra-red absorption speclrum of the residue, Appendix 5.4, after drying al 60° at a pressure nol exceeding 0.7 kPa for 30 minutes, is concordani with the reference spectrum of carbimazole or with the spectrum obtained from carbimazole RS. B: To a small quantity of the powdered tablets add 1 drop of dilute polassium iodobismuthate solution; a scarlet colour is produced. Methimazole: Comply with the test described under Carbimazole, using as solution (1) a solution prepared by shaking a quantity of the powdered tablets equivalent to 10 mg of Carbimazole with 2 ml of chloroform for 5 minutes and filtering Uniformily of content (For tablets containing 10 mg or less): Comply with the requirements stated under Tablets using the following method of analysis Powder one tablet, add 300 ml of waler warmed to a lemperature nol exceeding 35°, shake for a few minutes and add sufficient water to produce 500 0 ml Mix well, filter, dilule further, if necessary wilh water and complele the Assay beginning al the words "Measure Ihe absorbance " Other requirements Comply with Ihe requirements of lests slated under Tablets. Assay: Weigh and powder 20 tablets. Weigh accurately a quantity of the powder equivalent to 40 mg of Carbimazole, add 300 ml of water warmed to a temperature not exceeding 35°, shake for a few mmutes and add sufficient water to produce 50.00 ml. Mix well and filler; dilute 50.0 ml of the filtrate to 500.0 ml with water and mix well. Measure]

Ford Price Target Raised at Goldman, Deutsche on Mulally Gains

Officer Alan Mulally added U.S. market share and boosted prices without a federal bailout, two analysts said. The shares may reach $9.50 in six months, Goldman, Sachs & Co.’s Patrick Archambault wrote in a July 24 (Bloomberg) -- Ford Motor Co.’s stock may gain as much as 36 percent after Chief Executive report. Deutsche Bank’s Rod Lache in New York raised his target price to $8 from $5.50. Ford slid 18

This first affects vertical movements (initially only willed movements), and congugate lateral gaze involvement at a later stage. 5. Cerebral anoxia

degenerative condition of unknown etiology. It resembles Parkinsonism in the association of hypokinesia with hypertonus, differing from it in that it is associated with a diagnostic disorder of ocular motility. This first affects vertical movements (initially only willed movements), and congugate lateral gaze involvement at a later stage. 5. Cerebral anoxia - Diffuse cerebral anoxia resulting usually from cardiorespiratory arrest can lead to Parkinsonism due to bilateral basal ganglia infarction. In younger people severe hypotension wit.h hypoxia in opiate overdosage and carbon monoxide poisoning are the usual causes. G. Dystonia musculorum deformans (Torsion spasm) Disease of basal ganglia of unknown etiology characterised by occurrence of slow, strong, sustained, twisting, turning and writhing movements of the somatic muscles, particularly muscles of girdle and trunk Abnormal movements and spasm of muscles produce bizarre stepping gait and often dysarthria, facial grimacing and torticollis. 7. Spasmodic torticollis - Usually starts in adolescence or early adult life and characterised by marked tonic or clonic movements of sternomastoid, trapezius and other muscles of neck. This results in the neck being twisted to one side, the shoulder being elevated and sometimes, the head tilted backwards. The movements are intermittent, aggravated by emotion and anxiety and stop during sleep. Distinction between hysterical and organic torticollis may be difficult 20 HEREDITARY AND DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS Cerebral Palsy Definition - The term cerebral palsy refers to a variety of neurological deficits, permanent but nonprogressive, mainly affecting motor function, as a result of prenatal insult, birth injury or some illness in early infancy. In addition to motor defects, intellectual impairment is common Risk factors Prenatal - Malformations, obstructive lesions in the brain (e.g. cysts, peri ventricular leucomalacia), infection, exposure to toxins, genetic predisposition. Perinatal- Asphyxia, hemorrhage, low birth weight, prematurity. Postnatal - CNS infection and trauma. Clinical Features: SPASTIC - (a) Spastic hemiplegia - Commonest type. May be associated hemisensory and hemianopic visual field defect and sometimes dysphasia Seizures may occur. (b) Spastic diplegia - Difficulty in walking, scissor gait. Upper limbs relatively spared. (c) Tetraplegia - Equal involvement of all four limbs. Seizures likely, and primitive reflexes (tonic neck, Mora, sucking, grasping) persist well beyond normal age. Limbs may become spastic by end of first year. 2. EXTRAPYRAMIDAL -Choreoathetosis and dystonia. Associated difficulty in articulation, draolling and emotional lability. Usually normal intelligence. 3. ATAXIC- Cerebellar ataxia often associated with mental retardation. 4. MIXED SYNDROME - Combination of spastic paraplegia and ataxia. Investigation - (a) Intrauterine infection if under 3 years of age. (b) Chromosome analysis if features are dysmorphic or intrauterine growth is poor. (c) EEG if seizures. (d) Brain imaging to look for maldevelopment, atrophy, peri ventricular leucomalacia, or migration defects. Management: 1. Physiotherapy - to be started early. 2. Drugs - (a) Spasticity - Baclofen acts peripherally, dantralene has direct effect on muscle. (b) Dystonia - Diazepam, benzhexol, tetrabenzene. 3. Surgery- (a) Neurasurgical- Selective dorsal root rhizotomy. (b) Orthopoedic for structures and other deformities. Syringomyelia Definition - A chronic progressive disorder in which cavitation (syrinx = pipe) develops within the spinal cord, either involving the central canal, the central grey matter of the spinal cord

AWB halts share trading

Agribusiness company AWB has temporarily halted trading in its shares, pending an announcement to the Australian Securities Exchange about its operations in South America.
The company is also flagging an announcement about its full-year trading expectations.
AWB Brazil, set up three years ago at a cost of about $250 million, traded in soy beans and corn products, and also had interests in lot-fed cattle
Earlier this year, AWB announced that a number of accounting errors had been uncovered during a review of the Brazilian operations.The losses contributed to AWB's poor first half profits, which fell by more than 60 per cent to $8.54 million

Category: Ulcer-healing drug in gastric ulcer. Dose: 300 mg daily, in divided doses for 1 week; subsequently, upto 150 mg daily, in divided doses. Des

described under Carbenicillin Sodium using the mixed contents of 10 containers CARBENOXOLONE SODIUM C34H48Na2O7, Mol. Wt. 614.70 Carbenoxolone Sodium is disodium 3 - (3-carboxyl-atopropionyloxy)-! 1-oxo-olean-l2-en-30-oate. Category: Ulcer-healing drug in gastric ulcer. Dose: 300 mg daily, in divided doses for 1 week; subsequently, upto 150 mg daily, in divided doses. Description: White or pale cream powder; hygroscopic; irritant to nasal membranes.Solubility: Freely soluble in water; soluble in ethanol (95%); practically insoluble in chloroform and in ether. Storage: Store in well-closed containers STANDARDSCarbenoxolone Sodium contains not less than 97.0 per cent and not more than 103. 0 per cent of C34H48Na2O7, calculated with reference to the anhydrous substance. Identification: A: Dissolve 0.1 g in 5 ml of water, just acidify with 2M hydrochloric acid, stir well and filter. Wash the residue with water until the washings are no longer acidic and dry to constant weight at 105°. The infra-red absorption spectrum. Appendix 5.4, of the residue is concordant with the reference spectrum of carbenoxolone or with the spectrum obtained from carbenoxolone sodium RS treated in the same manner. B: The light absorption in the range 230 to 360 nm of a 0. 0025% w/v solution in a mixture of equal volumes of methanol and 0.02M sodium carbonate exhibits a maximum only at about 256 nm,; absorbance at about 256 rim, about 0.5, Appendix 5.5. C: Mix 5 mg with 50 mg of resorcinol and 2 ml of sulphuric acid (80%) Heat at 200° for 10 minutes, cool, pour into 200 ml of water and add sufficient 5M sodium hydroxide to make the mixture just alkaline; an intense green fluorescence is produced. D: A 5% w/v solution gives the reactions of sodium salts, Appendix 3..1.pH: Between 8.0 and 9.2, determined in a 1,0% w/v solution, Appendix 8.11. Specific optical rotation: Between +132° to +140°, determined in a 1 % w/v solution in a mixture of equal volumes of methanol and 0. 02M sodium carbonate, Appendix 8.9. Related substances Carry out the method for thin-layer chromatography. Appendix 4.6, using silica gel F2S4 as the coating substance (precoated Merck silica gel 60 F254 plates are suitable) and a mixture of 60 volumes of ethyl acetate, 20 volumes of methanol, 11 volumes of water and 1 volume of strong ammonia solution as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5 µl of each of two solutions of the substance being examined in methanol containing (1)1.50% w/v and (2) 0.030% w/v. After removal of the plate, allow it to dry in air and examine under ultra-violet light (254 nm). Spray with a 1.5% w/v solution of vanillin in sulphuric acid (60%) and heat at 105° for 10 to 15 minutes. By both methods of visualisation, any secondaryspot in the chromatogram obtained with solution (1) is not more intense than the spot in the chromatogram obtained with solution (2). Water: Not more than 40% w/w, determined on 06 g. Appendix 324 Assay Weigh accurately about 1 g and dissolve in 30 ml of water Add 30 ml of chloroform and 15 ml of a mixture of 10 volumes of 2M hydrochloric acid and 90 volumes of water, shake and allow to separate Add the chloroform layer to 40 ml of a 20% w/v solution of sodium chloride, shake and allow to separate. Repeat the extraction with four quantities, each of 15 ml, of chloroform, combine the chloroform extracts and add sufficient chloroform to produce 100.0 ml. Evaporate 25.0 ml, dry the residue at 100° at a pressure of 2