Primary glomerular disease - Minimal change disease, mesangial proliferate GN, focal and segmental GN, membranous GN, megangiocapillary GN, crescentic GN (ii) Secondary glomerular disease - Diabetes, collagen vascular disease, amyloidosis, drugs (gold, penicillamine, mercury). (b) Overflow proteinuria - Multiple myeloma, amyloidosis, myoglobinuria, haemoglobinuria. (c) Tissue proteinuria - Acute inflammation of urinary tract. QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PROTEINURIA - Less than 0.5 g/day - (a) Normal, after prolonged exercise, orthostatic. (b) Abnormal - Orthostatic proteinuria can occur in mild or resolving glomerular disease. 0.5-2 g/day- (a) Benign - Usually fixed1 i.e. present at all times. (b) Abnormal - Glomerular disease or proximal tubular lesion, congenital or acquired. More than 2 g/day - (a) Glomerular disease. (b) Overproduction of proteins small enough to escape the glomerular barrier e. g. free immunoglobulin light chains produced by a B cell monoclone. Proteinuria more than 5 glday - (with hypoalbuminemia and oedema) - Nephrotic syndrome, specific glomerular disease, accelerated hypertension, unilateral renal artery stenosis, renal venous thrombosis, severe congestive heart failure. Systemic diseases that may present as asymptomatic albuminuria - Diabetes mellitus, amyloidosis, hypertension, gout, SLE. TESTS FOR PROTEIN - (a) Boiling test - For this purpose the urine must be clear, if opalascent it must be filtered. A test-tube is filled with two-thirds urine and the top portion gently heated over a flame, 2 or 3 drops of acetic acid should be added and the urine boiled If turbidity appears in the urine on boiling and it persists after the addition of acetic acid it indicates presence of albumin and the amount of precipitate indicates the amount of albumin. If the turbidity disappears on addition of acetic acid the turbidity is due to phosphates. (b) Dipstick - Test with fresh specimen and ensure that dipsticks are not out of date. (c) Salicylsulphonic acid - The precipitated proteins form a suspension. Mucin - Traces in normal urine. Increased amounts in irritation and inflammation of urinary tract or vagina Sulphonamides - Crystal forms of certain derivatives of sulphonamide may precipitate out from the urine. Fat globules -After ingestion of large quantities of cod liver oil or other fats, phosphorus poisoning and chronic parenchymatous nephritis. In alkaline urine - Phosphates - in osteitis fibrosa cystica, administration of parathyroid hormone, alkalosis, compensatory measure in acidosis to help maintain acid base balance. Calcium carbonate - as amorphous granules, or rarely as colourless spheres and dumb-bells. Ammonium biurate - "Thorn apple" crystals. 2 ERYTHROCYTES -The excretion of erythrocytes should not exceed 1 X 105/ hour. (a) Dysmorphic pattern - Profusion of erythrocytes of bizarre and dissimilar size with variable haemoglobin concentration (Normal upto 8000 urinary erythrocytes). (b) Isomorphic pattern - Non-glomerular bleeding associated with urinary calculi, tumours and papillary necrosis. Erythrocytes which are uniform in size and shape with normal haemoglobin concentration are not a normal component of urine and thus a count as low as 4000/ml may be a sensitive and specific indicator of non-glomerular bleeding. The number of red cells present provides information on the probable type of underlying glomerulonephritis, particularly if haematuria is associated with other urinary abnormalities, such as the presence of protein, fat and casts. Thus a patient with membranous glomerulonephritis has an erythrocyte count of 20,000-50,QQQ/ml accompanied by marked proteinuria, oval fat bodies and many casts containing fat. Mesangial IgA nephropathy is associated with a count of 100,000/ml or more and there may be no fat, casts or protein in urine. An erythrocyte count of more than 1,000,000/ml is likely to reflect the presence of underlying crescents whatever the nature of the glomerular lesion. The dipstick method detects <>
Saturday, July 25, 2009
Pruning VIP Security: a Tough Call for Government
New Delhi, July 12 (IANS): The government has been quick to decide on not upgrading Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) MP Varun Gandhi's security cover to the Z plus category, but is yet to take a call on whittling down or even dispensing with the bodyguards of a majority of the 395 VIPs in the capital.
Over 9,000 personnel, mainly from Delhi Police, supplemented by hundreds of paramilitary personnel drawn from forces like the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) and the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), provide security to the VIPs.
The number of armed bodyguards has often been seen as a status symbol in the capital, the major reason why VIPs are so reluctant to have their security cover reduced. Appraisals of all the people protected that the home ministry periodically reviews after receiving inputs from the Intelligence Bureau have revealed that many of them do not require security as the threat perception simply does not exist.
But despite arriving at this finding of many people not facing any threat from either terrorists or criminal groups there has hardly been any case of security being downgraded or removed in the last five years.
"We have had two more appraisal meetings and now the file will move to the home secretary, G.K. Pillai. But I guess the final call will have to be taken by the minister," a top intelligence functionary, who could not be identified, told IANS.
The intelligence establishment reckons that if its recommendations were accepted then only 100 VIPs in the capital would be left with the security cover.
According to senior home ministry officials many VIPs including politicians, former bureaucrats, judges, religious leaders, lawyers, ministers and a few journalists have persisted with their security cover for years because of the pressure they bring to bear on the establishment.
Highly placed home ministry officials told IANS that there were now no known threats to former Jammu and Kashmir governor G.C. Saxena, former union minister and Jammu and Kashmir governor Jagmohan and Punjab Kesri editor Ashwani Kumar Minna.
Former bureaucrats who have held sensitive positions are allowed to keep their security cover for six months after retiring from office. But several have kept their security cover much longer.
"We are examining the cases of former home secretary V.K. Duggal and former national security adviser Brajesh Mishra," said a senior home ministry official.
Last year while hearing public interest litigation on the security provided to VIPs, a division bench of the Delhi High Court headed by Chief Justice Ajit Prakash Shah and Justice S. Muralildhar came down heavily on the government.
The judges said: "We cannot appreciate this. You have made a mockery of the threat perception. The common man is dying in the streets of Delhi and old couples are being strangulated due to lack of security."
Officials pointed out that the government spends over Rs.250 crore (Rs.2.5 billion) annually for the protection of VIPs.
VIP security is broken up into four levels -- Z plus for the top of the heap, followed by Z, Y and X categories. According to ministry officials, Home Minister P. Chidambaram may have to take the tough call of pruning security. "Considering that he moves around with minimal security, he has set the precedent," said a senior official.
Over 9,000 personnel, mainly from Delhi Police, supplemented by hundreds of paramilitary personnel drawn from forces like the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) and the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF), provide security to the VIPs.
The number of armed bodyguards has often been seen as a status symbol in the capital, the major reason why VIPs are so reluctant to have their security cover reduced. Appraisals of all the people protected that the home ministry periodically reviews after receiving inputs from the Intelligence Bureau have revealed that many of them do not require security as the threat perception simply does not exist.
But despite arriving at this finding of many people not facing any threat from either terrorists or criminal groups there has hardly been any case of security being downgraded or removed in the last five years.
"We have had two more appraisal meetings and now the file will move to the home secretary, G.K. Pillai. But I guess the final call will have to be taken by the minister," a top intelligence functionary, who could not be identified, told IANS.
The intelligence establishment reckons that if its recommendations were accepted then only 100 VIPs in the capital would be left with the security cover.
According to senior home ministry officials many VIPs including politicians, former bureaucrats, judges, religious leaders, lawyers, ministers and a few journalists have persisted with their security cover for years because of the pressure they bring to bear on the establishment.
Highly placed home ministry officials told IANS that there were now no known threats to former Jammu and Kashmir governor G.C. Saxena, former union minister and Jammu and Kashmir governor Jagmohan and Punjab Kesri editor Ashwani Kumar Minna.
Former bureaucrats who have held sensitive positions are allowed to keep their security cover for six months after retiring from office. But several have kept their security cover much longer.
"We are examining the cases of former home secretary V.K. Duggal and former national security adviser Brajesh Mishra," said a senior home ministry official.
Last year while hearing public interest litigation on the security provided to VIPs, a division bench of the Delhi High Court headed by Chief Justice Ajit Prakash Shah and Justice S. Muralildhar came down heavily on the government.
The judges said: "We cannot appreciate this. You have made a mockery of the threat perception. The common man is dying in the streets of Delhi and old couples are being strangulated due to lack of security."
Officials pointed out that the government spends over Rs.250 crore (Rs.2.5 billion) annually for the protection of VIPs.
VIP security is broken up into four levels -- Z plus for the top of the heap, followed by Z, Y and X categories. According to ministry officials, Home Minister P. Chidambaram may have to take the tough call of pruning security. "Considering that he moves around with minimal security, he has set the precedent," said a senior official.
By Dene Mackenzie on Thu, 23 Jul 2009
Complications - are caused directly by the virus. No secondary bacterial infection. 1. Arthralgia and polyarthritis - usually in young women with involvement of small joints of hands or feet, at times larger joints. Arthritis may be accompanied by tenosynovitis and peripheral neuritis. 2. Encephalitis - Rare, affects adults more frequently and develops usually within a day or two of the appearance of rash. 3. Guillain-Barre syndrome. 4. Thrombocytopenic purpura - appears after about a week and may occasionally persist for several months. 5. Hepatitis. Diagnosis - 1. By Dene Mackenzie on Thu, 23 Jul 2009
Economic downturn Living smart
Paying off a mortgage and/or any debt should be a priority for anyone inheriting money during the current recession, a panel of experts selected by the Otago Daily Times recommends.
ABN Amro Craigs sharebroker Chris Timms, wealth management adviser Craig Myles, Forsyth Barr sharebroker Peter Young and financial planner Peter Smith were asked by the newspaper to provide some guidance to two selected groups - a family with three children, parents 35 years old, and with a $100,000 mortgage; and a couple aged 55, with children who had left home, and who had three grandchildren.
Each family was assumed to have inherited $350,000.
(b) All female adults are screened when they reach child-bearing age and are immunized if non-immune with monovalent rubella vaccine. (c) Routine screening and immunization in immediate postnatal period. Immunized mothers excrete the vaccine virus in breast milk, but this is not a contraindication to vaccination or breast-feeding. Congenital rubella syndrome Pathogenesis - The foetus is infected during maternal viremia and the virus gains access to foetal tissues, causing a cytopathic effect or merely promoting an immune response. Defects - The consequences of rubella in pregnancy are varied and unpredictable, ranging from foetal death to birth of an infected but otherwise normal child. 1. TEMPORARY DEFECT - if cytopathic damage to non-organ tissue: (a) Thrombocytopenic purpura. - at birth or shortly after. (b) Hepatosplenomegaly. (c) Hepatitis. (d) Low birth weight. 2. PERMANENT DAMAGE - (Triad of Gregg) if cytopathic effect early in organogenesis: (a) Cataracts and retinopathy. (b) Microcephaly. (c) Congenital heart defects (PDA with or without PS most common) LATE CONGENITAL RUBELLA In some infants, particularly those infected after the first trimester, there is no obvious congenital defect, but the infant sheds the virus. In this group, late congenital rubella features include: 1. Growth retardation. 2: Behaviour disorders. 3. Psychiatric manifestations. 4. High-tone deafness. 5. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus PROCEDURES TO BE ADOPTED IN A PREGNANT WOMAN - (a) Suspicion of having rubella-Accurate diagnosis should be established by serological tests. If HAI antibody is present, explain the degree of risk to the patient and decide about termination of pregnancy. (b) Suspicion of having been in contact with rubella - (i) If possible, confirm the diagnosis by serological studies on the original case. (ii) If contact is close and the pregnant woman has decided to continue with pregnancy give 1500 mg. of immunoglobulin IM as soon as primary sample of serum is obtained. If there is no detectable antibody, give further 1500 mg. immunoglobulin within 3-4 days (iii) If she does not want to continue with pregnancy, or if the contact is not close, do not give immunoglobulin. (iv) In either case, take a second sample of blood after 3-4 weeks to see if there has been sera-conversion. The risk to the foetus when the mother has a subclinical attack is not known with certainty but appears to be slight. Should the mother develop an illness with serological evidence of rubella, the risks should be explained and decision taken about termination of pregnancy. 7. CHICKEN POX Epidemiology- Age - Primarily children, uncommon in adults in whom the disease tends to be more severe. Causative agent - Virus is identical to virus of herpes zoster and hence designated varicella zoster virus (V-Z virus). Transmission - Droplet discharges from air passages. May be direct skin contact or by recently contaminated utensils. Incubation period - 14 to 15 days. Period of infectivity - From 7 days before onset of rash until 6 days after development of last vesicle. Clinical features - Stage of invasion or pradramata - not constant. Headache, sore throat and fever for 24 hours. Prodromal rashes - Erythmatous, scahatiniform, morbilliform or urticarial. Rarely hemorrhagic. Stage of eruption -1 ENANTHEM - Earliest lesions on buccal and pharyngeal mucosa 2. EXANTHEM - (a) Evolution - in crops; at first back, then chest, abdomen, face, and lastly limbs. (b) Character - At first macule, in few hours dark pink papule which soon turns into vesicle - (i) superficial i e 'on' rather than 'In' the skin (glass pox), (ii) elliptical or oval ("tear drop" vesicles) with axis parallel to ribs, (iii) unilocular, hence collapse if pierced with needle. Vesicles turn into pustules in 24 hours. Scabs in 2 to 5 days. (c) Distribution-centripetal, i.e. more on upper arms and thighs and upper part of face, and in concavities and flexures. Less commonly lesions on genital mucous membranes, conjunctivae and cornea. (d) Crapping - Rash matures very quickly and most spots dry up within 48 hours of
Economic downturn Living smart
Paying off a mortgage and/or any debt should be a priority for anyone inheriting money during the current recession, a panel of experts selected by the Otago Daily Times recommends.
ABN Amro Craigs sharebroker Chris Timms, wealth management adviser Craig Myles, Forsyth Barr sharebroker Peter Young and financial planner Peter Smith were asked by the newspaper to provide some guidance to two selected groups - a family with three children, parents 35 years old, and with a $100,000 mortgage; and a couple aged 55, with children who had left home, and who had three grandchildren.
Each family was assumed to have inherited $350,000.
(b) All female adults are screened when they reach child-bearing age and are immunized if non-immune with monovalent rubella vaccine. (c) Routine screening and immunization in immediate postnatal period. Immunized mothers excrete the vaccine virus in breast milk, but this is not a contraindication to vaccination or breast-feeding. Congenital rubella syndrome Pathogenesis - The foetus is infected during maternal viremia and the virus gains access to foetal tissues, causing a cytopathic effect or merely promoting an immune response. Defects - The consequences of rubella in pregnancy are varied and unpredictable, ranging from foetal death to birth of an infected but otherwise normal child. 1. TEMPORARY DEFECT - if cytopathic damage to non-organ tissue: (a) Thrombocytopenic purpura. - at birth or shortly after. (b) Hepatosplenomegaly. (c) Hepatitis. (d) Low birth weight. 2. PERMANENT DAMAGE - (Triad of Gregg) if cytopathic effect early in organogenesis: (a) Cataracts and retinopathy. (b) Microcephaly. (c) Congenital heart defects (PDA with or without PS most common) LATE CONGENITAL RUBELLA In some infants, particularly those infected after the first trimester, there is no obvious congenital defect, but the infant sheds the virus. In this group, late congenital rubella features include: 1. Growth retardation. 2: Behaviour disorders. 3. Psychiatric manifestations. 4. High-tone deafness. 5. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus PROCEDURES TO BE ADOPTED IN A PREGNANT WOMAN - (a) Suspicion of having rubella-Accurate diagnosis should be established by serological tests. If HAI antibody is present, explain the degree of risk to the patient and decide about termination of pregnancy. (b) Suspicion of having been in contact with rubella - (i) If possible, confirm the diagnosis by serological studies on the original case. (ii) If contact is close and the pregnant woman has decided to continue with pregnancy give 1500 mg. of immunoglobulin IM as soon as primary sample of serum is obtained. If there is no detectable antibody, give further 1500 mg. immunoglobulin within 3-4 days (iii) If she does not want to continue with pregnancy, or if the contact is not close, do not give immunoglobulin. (iv) In either case, take a second sample of blood after 3-4 weeks to see if there has been sera-conversion. The risk to the foetus when the mother has a subclinical attack is not known with certainty but appears to be slight. Should the mother develop an illness with serological evidence of rubella, the risks should be explained and decision taken about termination of pregnancy. 7. CHICKEN POX Epidemiology- Age - Primarily children, uncommon in adults in whom the disease tends to be more severe. Causative agent - Virus is identical to virus of herpes zoster and hence designated varicella zoster virus (V-Z virus). Transmission - Droplet discharges from air passages. May be direct skin contact or by recently contaminated utensils. Incubation period - 14 to 15 days. Period of infectivity - From 7 days before onset of rash until 6 days after development of last vesicle. Clinical features - Stage of invasion or pradramata - not constant. Headache, sore throat and fever for 24 hours. Prodromal rashes - Erythmatous, scahatiniform, morbilliform or urticarial. Rarely hemorrhagic. Stage of eruption -1 ENANTHEM - Earliest lesions on buccal and pharyngeal mucosa 2. EXANTHEM - (a) Evolution - in crops; at first back, then chest, abdomen, face, and lastly limbs. (b) Character - At first macule, in few hours dark pink papule which soon turns into vesicle - (i) superficial i e 'on' rather than 'In' the skin (glass pox), (ii) elliptical or oval ("tear drop" vesicles) with axis parallel to ribs, (iii) unilocular, hence collapse if pierced with needle. Vesicles turn into pustules in 24 hours. Scabs in 2 to 5 days. (c) Distribution-centripetal, i.e. more on upper arms and thighs and upper part of face, and in concavities and flexures. Less commonly lesions on genital mucous membranes, conjunctivae and cornea. (d) Crapping - Rash matures very quickly and most spots dry up within 48 hours of
Investing your windfall
By Dene Mackenzie on Thu, 23 Jul 2009
Economic downturn Living smart
Paying off a mortgage and/or any debt should be a priority for anyone inheriting money during the current recession, a panel of experts selected by the Otago Daily Times recommends.
ABN Amro Craigs sharebroker Chris Timms, wealth management adviser Craig Myles, Forsyth Barr sharebroker Peter Young and financial planner Peter Smith were asked by the newspaper to provide some guidance to two selected groups - a family with three children, parents 35 years old, and with a $100,000 mortgage; and a couple aged 55, with children who had left home, and who had three grandchildren.
Each family was assumed to have inherited $350,000.
Economic downturn Living smart
Paying off a mortgage and/or any debt should be a priority for anyone inheriting money during the current recession, a panel of experts selected by the Otago Daily Times recommends.
ABN Amro Craigs sharebroker Chris Timms, wealth management adviser Craig Myles, Forsyth Barr sharebroker Peter Young and financial planner Peter Smith were asked by the newspaper to provide some guidance to two selected groups - a family with three children, parents 35 years old, and with a $100,000 mortgage; and a couple aged 55, with children who had left home, and who had three grandchildren.
Each family was assumed to have inherited $350,000.
Arthralgia and polyarthritis - usually in young women with involvement of small joints of hands or feet, at times larger joints. Arthritis may be acco
Complications - are caused directly by the virus. No secondary bacterial infection. 1. Arthralgia and polyarthritis - usually in young women with involvement of small joints of hands or feet, at times larger joints. Arthritis may be accompanied by tenosynovitis and peripheral neuritis. 2. Encephalitis - Rare, affects adults more frequently and develops usually within a day or two of the appearance of rash. 3. Guillain-Barre syndrome. 4. Thrombocytopenic purpura - appears after about a week and may occasionally persist for several months. 5. Hepatitis. Diagnosis - 1. Virus isolation - Virus may be recovered from nasopharynx, blood, urine and stools. Inoculated into tissue cultures. 2. Serological tests - (a) Haemagglutination-inhtibition test - HAI antibody level rises within 24-18 hours, reaches a peak in 6-12 days and persists for a long time. (b) Complement fixation test -Determination of rubella-specific IgM or IgA antibody if there is delay in obtaining blood sample. Treatment - Bed rest and analgesics suffice for the uncomplicated attack. Rubella proven by antibody estimation in first 4 months of pregnancy is a strong indication for termination. PREVENTION - Rubella immunization: (a) Combined measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine is given routinely to all children in second year of life. (b) All female adults are screened when they reach child-bearing age and are immunized if non-immune with monovalent rubella vaccine. (c) Routine screening and immunization in immediate postnatal period. Immunized mothers excrete the vaccine virus in breast milk, but this is not a contraindication to vaccination or breast-feeding. Congenital rubella syndrome Pathogenesis - The foetus is infected during maternal viremia and the virus gains access to foetal tissues, causing a cytopathic effect or merely promoting an immune response. Defects - The consequences of rubella in pregnancy are varied and unpredictable, ranging from foetal death to birth of an infected but otherwise normal child. 1. TEMPORARY DEFECT - if cytopathic damage to non-organ tissue: (a) Thrombocytopenic purpura. - at birth or shortly after. (b) Hepatosplenomegaly. (c) Hepatitis. (d) Low birth weight. 2. PERMANENT DAMAGE - (Triad of Gregg) if cytopathic effect early in organogenesis: (a) Cataracts and retinopathy. (b) Microcephaly. (c) Congenital heart defects (PDA with or without PS most common) LATE CONGENITAL RUBELLA In some infants, particularly those infected after the first trimester, there is no obvious congenital defect, but the infant sheds the virus. In this group, late congenital rubella features include: 1. Growth retardation. 2: Behaviour disorders. 3. Psychiatric manifestations. 4. High-tone deafness. 5. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus PROCEDURES TO BE ADOPTED IN A PREGNANT WOMAN - (a) Suspicion of having rubella-Accurate diagnosis should be established by serological tests. If HAI antibody is present, explain the degree of risk to the patient and decide about termination of pregnancy. (b) Suspicion of having been in contact with rubella - (i) If possible, confirm the diagnosis by serological studies on the original case. (ii) If contact is close and the pregnant woman has decided to continue with pregnancy give 1500 mg. of immunoglobulin IM as soon as primary sample of serum is obtained. If there is no detectable antibody, give further 1500 mg. immunoglobulin within 3-4 days (iii) If she does not want to continue with pregnancy, or if the contact is not close, do not give immunoglobulin. (iv) In either case, take a second sample of blood after 3-4 weeks to see if there has been sera-conversion. The risk to the foetus when the mother has a subclinical attack is not known with certainty but appears to be slight. Should the mother develop an illness with serological evidence of rubella, the risks should be explained and decision taken about termination of pregnancy. 7. CHICKEN POX Epidemiology- Age - Primarily children, uncommon in adults in whom the disease tends to be more severe. Causative agent - Virus is identical to virus of herpes zoster and hence designated varicella zoster virus (V-Z virus). Transmission - Droplet discharges from air passages. May be direct skin contact or by recently contaminated utensils. Incubation period - 14 to 15 days. Period of infectivity - From 7 days before onset of rash until 6 days after development of last vesicle. Clinical features - Stage of invasion or pradramata - not constant. Headache, sore throat and fever for 24 hours. Prodromal rashes - Erythmatous, scahatiniform, morbilliform or urticarial. Rarely hemorrhagic. Stage of eruption -1 ENANTHEM - Earliest lesions on buccal and pharyngeal mucosa 2. EXANTHEM - (a) Evolution - in crops; at first back, then chest, abdomen, face, and lastly limbs. (b) Character - At first macule, in few hours dark pink papule which soon turns into vesicle - (i) superficial i e 'on' rather than 'In' the skin (glass pox), (ii) elliptical or oval ("tear drop" vesicles) with axis parallel to ribs, (iii) unilocular, hence collapse if pierced with needle. Vesicles turn into pustules in 24 hours. Scabs in 2 to 5 days. (c) Distribution-centripetal, i.e. more on upper arms and thighs and upper part of face, and in concavities and flexures. Less commonly lesions on genital mucous membranes, conjunctivae and cornea. (d) Crapping - Rash matures very quickly and most spots dry up within 48 hours of
UPDATE 1-Exelon earnings drop but top forecasts
Adj Q2 EPS of $1.03 tops Wall St. view of 99 cts
* Reaffirms full-year earnings forecast
* Shares slip in pre-market trade
NEW YORK, July 24 (Reuters) - Power company Exelon Corp (EXC.N), which earlier this week withdrew a hostile takeover bid for NRG Energy Inc (NRG.N), posted a 12 percent drop in second-quarter earnings on slack demand for electricity and higher costs for nuclear fuel.
Net earnings fell to $657 million, or 99 cents per share, from $748 million, or $1.13 per share, in the year-ago quarter.
Adjusted earnings for the quarter of $1.03 topped analysts' average forecast of 97 cents per share, according to Reuters Estimates.
The company, which owns the PECO utility in Pennsylvania and ComEd in Chicago, reaffirmed its expectation that it would earn an adjusted $4.00 per share to $4.30 per share for the full year.
Third quarter adjusted earnings are expected to be between 90 cents per share and $1.00 per share.
Shares in Exelon slipped 0.5 percent to $53.75 per share in premarket trading. (Reporting by Matt Daily, editing by Gerald E. McCormick
* Reaffirms full-year earnings forecast
* Shares slip in pre-market trade
NEW YORK, July 24 (Reuters) - Power company Exelon Corp (EXC.N), which earlier this week withdrew a hostile takeover bid for NRG Energy Inc (NRG.N), posted a 12 percent drop in second-quarter earnings on slack demand for electricity and higher costs for nuclear fuel.
Net earnings fell to $657 million, or 99 cents per share, from $748 million, or $1.13 per share, in the year-ago quarter.
Adjusted earnings for the quarter of $1.03 topped analysts' average forecast of 97 cents per share, according to Reuters Estimates.
The company, which owns the PECO utility in Pennsylvania and ComEd in Chicago, reaffirmed its expectation that it would earn an adjusted $4.00 per share to $4.30 per share for the full year.
Third quarter adjusted earnings are expected to be between 90 cents per share and $1.00 per share.
Shares in Exelon slipped 0.5 percent to $53.75 per share in premarket trading. (Reporting by Matt Daily, editing by Gerald E. McCormick
Frusemide 1g/day may be needed to produce naturesis and reduce oedema. If diuresis is too vigorous, it may precipitate circulatory collapse and acute
insignificant. (b) Diuretics - Frusemide 1g/day may be needed to produce naturesis and reduce oedema. If diuresis is too vigorous, it may precipitate circulatory collapse and acute renal failure. The possibility can be anticipitated by infusion of 'salt-poor1 albumin to maintain plasma volume. (c) Hypehipidemia - There is increased incidence of cardio-vascular disease when proteinuria is heavy and prolonged Hydroxymethyl glutaryl co-enzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors may be helpful. (d) Antibiotics - Prophylactic antibiotics should be given against possible pneumococcal peritonitis andsepticemia MANAGEMENT OF RFLAPSE - Relapses may be associated with bacterial or viral infection especially of upper respiratory tract. Treatment consists of - (a) Corticosteroids - for infrequent relapses and if the disease remains sensitive to steroid therapy. The drug may be given as a continuous low dosage regime, each patient should be 'titrated' for the lowest effective dose (usually 5-15 mg/day). This may eliminate the need for giving ACTH, or alternate day steroid schedule to prevent the most important side effect of steroids in children namely growth failure. (b) Cytotoxic drugs - in those who suffer frequent relapses Cyclophosphamide 1.5-2.5 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks induces stable remission averaging about 3 years. Leucocyte count should be checked weekly. Immediate toxicity of the drug is negligible but there may be long-term effects. II. With diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis -Long term outlook is poor. Prednisolone 120 mg on alternate days may result in improved renal function Dipyridamole, warfarin and cyclophosphamide may also produce significant fall in urine protein, rise in serum albumin and improvement in creatinine clearance. 5. RECURRENT HEMATURIA - yndrome dominated by episodes of macroscopic hematuria, at times associated with loin pain and with tendency to exacerbations following viral upper respiratory infections or strenuous exercise. It most commonly affects boys and young males. Microscopic hematuria persists inbetween attacks and protenuria absent or moderate. Renal pathology in most cases is IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease) Course is often benign, some patients tend to develop progressive renal disease Treatment - None specific. 6. PERSISTENT ASYMPTOMATIC PROTEINURIA AND/OR HEMATURIA - in an apparently healthy person is detected on routine medical examination Causes - (a) Primary glomerulardisease - Mesangial proliferative GN, mesangiocapillary GN, membranous GN, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (b) Multisystem disease - SLE, Henoch-Schonlein purpura (c) Miscellaneous - (i) Renal - Tumors, cystic disease of kidney, renal tuberculosis, tubointerstitial nephropathy. (ii) Non-renal - Urothelial tumors, prostatic disease Investigations -Assessment of renal structure and function including urine microscopy and culture, IVU and ultrasound. Renal biopsy if evidence of disease progression, particular/ if the process is amenable to therapy. 7. HYPERTENSION - Incidence of hypertension in patients with renal disease rises as renal function declines. Two major mechanisms are responsible. (a) Raised BP as a result of renal or renal vascular disease - (i) Increase in body sodium and water content. (ii) Inappropriately increased activity of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system. (b) Renal damage as consequence of raised BP- The effect of hypertension depends on whether the raised pressure is in the benign phase or accelerated phase. In the latter, rapid progression to renal failure is the rule. 4. ACUTE RENAL FAILURE (ARF) Definition - ARF may be defined as an sudden fall in glomerular filtration rate sufficient to cause uremia. Oliguria (<>
UPDATE 2-American Express Q2 earnings fall, shares down
EPS 9 cents
* Revenue falls 18 percent to $6.1 bln
* Shares decline 5 percent in after-hours trading (Adds Reuters Estimates, financial details, CEO comments)
By Juan Lagorio
NEW YORK, July 23 (Reuters) - American Express Co (AXP.N), the largest credit card company by sales, reported quarterly earnings that fell in line with expectations on Thursday, hurt by weakness in cardmember spending, record credit losses, restructuring charges and the repayment of government funds.
Net income fell to $337 million, or 9 cents per share, from $653 million, or 56 cents per share, a year earlier.
Earnings from continuing operations declined to $342 million or 9 cents per share from $660 million or 56 cents in the same quarter last year.
The results included a reduction of 18 cents per share related to the repurchase of preferred shares from the U.S. Treasury Department.
Excluding that charge, earnings per share were in line with analysts expectations of 27 cents, according to Reuters Estimates.
Total revenue fell 18 percent to $6.1 billion, while consolidated expenses fell 16 percent to $4.1 billion, helped by a restructuring plan.
In the U.S. card service business, net charge-offs -- a measure of bad loan write-offs -- rose to 10.0 percent from 8.5 percent in the previous quarter.
"Although it is still too early to point to any sure signs of an economic recovery, the number of cardmembers who are falling behind in their payments, the volume of bankruptcy filings and the level of loan write-offs were better than we had expected," Chief Executive Kenneth Chenault said in a statement.
Provisions for losses decreased 22 percent to $1.2 billion.
American Express shares fell 5 percent to $27.99 in after-hours trading after closing at $29.45 on the New York Stock Exchange. (Reporting by Juan Lagorio; Editing by Phil Berlowitz)
Malaysian shares seen down next week: Analyst
KUALA LUMPUR: Malaysian share prices are expected to drop next week following recent rallies, an analyst said Friday."There have been rallies for the past eight or nine days -- the market is becoming more and more overbought so we are looking at a healthy correction," Stephen Soo, technical analyst with local brokerage TA Securities, told AFP. "We also expect the blue-chips to consolidate," he added. Soo said he expected the bourse to trade between 1,165 and 1,188 points next week. For the week to July 24, the Kuala Lumpur Composite Index gained 34.98 points, or 3.12 percent, to close at 1,155.88.
* Revenue falls 18 percent to $6.1 bln
* Shares decline 5 percent in after-hours trading (Adds Reuters Estimates, financial details, CEO comments)
By Juan Lagorio
NEW YORK, July 23 (Reuters) - American Express Co (AXP.N), the largest credit card company by sales, reported quarterly earnings that fell in line with expectations on Thursday, hurt by weakness in cardmember spending, record credit losses, restructuring charges and the repayment of government funds.
Net income fell to $337 million, or 9 cents per share, from $653 million, or 56 cents per share, a year earlier.
Earnings from continuing operations declined to $342 million or 9 cents per share from $660 million or 56 cents in the same quarter last year.
The results included a reduction of 18 cents per share related to the repurchase of preferred shares from the U.S. Treasury Department.
Excluding that charge, earnings per share were in line with analysts expectations of 27 cents, according to Reuters Estimates.
Total revenue fell 18 percent to $6.1 billion, while consolidated expenses fell 16 percent to $4.1 billion, helped by a restructuring plan.
In the U.S. card service business, net charge-offs -- a measure of bad loan write-offs -- rose to 10.0 percent from 8.5 percent in the previous quarter.
"Although it is still too early to point to any sure signs of an economic recovery, the number of cardmembers who are falling behind in their payments, the volume of bankruptcy filings and the level of loan write-offs were better than we had expected," Chief Executive Kenneth Chenault said in a statement.
Provisions for losses decreased 22 percent to $1.2 billion.
American Express shares fell 5 percent to $27.99 in after-hours trading after closing at $29.45 on the New York Stock Exchange. (Reporting by Juan Lagorio; Editing by Phil Berlowitz)
Malaysian shares seen down next week: Analyst
KUALA LUMPUR: Malaysian share prices are expected to drop next week following recent rallies, an analyst said Friday."There have been rallies for the past eight or nine days -- the market is becoming more and more overbought so we are looking at a healthy correction," Stephen Soo, technical analyst with local brokerage TA Securities, told AFP. "We also expect the blue-chips to consolidate," he added. Soo said he expected the bourse to trade between 1,165 and 1,188 points next week. For the week to July 24, the Kuala Lumpur Composite Index gained 34.98 points, or 3.12 percent, to close at 1,155.88.
Deltoids are usually spared and may appear enlarged due to severe atrophy of upper arm muscles. Pelvic girdle musculature usually becomes affected at
dystrophy - Either sex. Onset usually in third decade. (i) Pelvifemoral form - Weakness begins in pelvic girdle musculature (psoas, glutei and quadriceps) and results in waddling lordotic gait with difficulty in climbing stairs. Winging of scapulae. (ii) Scapulohumeral form- Weakness confined initially to shoulder girdle and upper arm muscles. Deltoids are usually spared and may appear enlarged due to severe atrophy of upper arm muscles. Pelvic girdle musculature usually becomes affected at a later stage. The disease runs a variable course leading to severe disability in fourth or fifth decade. CPK is elevated and muscle biopsy shows non-specific dystrophic changes. (b) Scapuloperoneal muscular dystrophy - Presents in early adult life with foot drop due to weakness of anterior tibial and peroneal groups. Extensor digitorum muscle is characteristically spared and may be hypertrophied. The disease runs a benign course. Wasting and weakness in upper limbs is initially confined to scapular muscles but later spreacte to involve biceps, triceps, forearm extensors and sometimes small muscles of hand. (c) Congenital muscular dystrophy - One of the causes of the floppy infant. Myopathy manifests at birth or early life. Small, weak, hypotonic muscles, proximal usually more affected than distal. Both sexes (3) Autosomal dominant muscular dystrophy - (a) Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy - Either sex. Onset usually in adolescence. Initial involvement, sometimes symmetrical, of facial and shoulder-girdle muscles, soon followed by weakness of anterior tibial and peroneal muscles, usually with spread within 20 or 30 years to pelvic muscles. Profound facial weakness produces pouting of the lips and a transverse smile. Slow insidious progression with periods of long arrest of the disease. (b) Distal muscular dystrophy of Welander - Very rare Presents with slowly progressive, predominantly distal wasting and weakness. Muscle biopsy similar to myotonic dystrophy. (c) Ocular and oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy - Presents in adult life with ptosis and extraocular weakness, usually without significant diplopia. Dysphagia is prominent in some families. Face and sternomastoicte are commonly affected and most patients develop weakness in the legs. Relatively benign course. Muscle biopsy shows vacuolar changes. Management - None specific. Principles are to treat complications such as respiratory and urinary infection if and when they occur, to avoid trauma which may easily result in fracture of limb bones and to keep the patient active as long as possible. II. Myotonic disorders -Failure of voluntary muscles to relax immediately innervation ceases. 1. MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY (Dystrophia myotonica) - (i) Onset - Most patients present in adult life with distal weakness and wasting in upper or lower limbs. (ii) Muscle weakness/wasting - (a) Myopathic facies - Ptosis, hanging jaw, haggard appearance, temporal wasting. (b) Weakness of neck flexion, wasting of sternomastoicte. (c) Distal limb weakness with wasted brachioradialis. 3. Frontal baldness. Hyperostosis frontalis interna. 4. Cataracts (post. subcapsular) 5. Cardiac conduction defects (Heart block, at rial arrhythmias). Cardiomyopathy. 6. Hypoventilation, post-an aesthetic respiratory failure. 7. Hypersomnolence, mental retardation. 8. Hypogammaglobulinemia. 9. End-organ resistance to insulin (Impaired glucose tolerance). 10. Dysphagia, oesophageal dilatation. Investigations - (a) CPK - Normal or slightly elevated. (b) EMG - Characteristic myopathic picture with myotonic discharges. (c) Muscle biopsy - Chains of central nuclei, marked variation of
UPDATE 4-Starwood Q2 profit beats Street, shares surge
Adjusted 22 cents EPS vs. 17 cents consensus
* Cuts 2009 full-year outlook
* In discussions to sell non-core assets
* Shares jump over 9 percent (Adds CEO, CFO comment from earnings call, information on supply pipeline, updates shares)
By Deepa Seetharaman
NEW YORK, July 23 (Reuters) - Starwood Hotels & Resorts Inc (HOT.N) posted a better-than-expected profit on Thursday, buoyed by cost cuts, and its shares rose over 9 percent.
Costs and expenses for the second quarter fell by about one-fifth, driven by a more than 30 percent drop in general and administrative costs.
"We continue to beat expectations on cost containment," said Chief Executive Frits van Paasschen during a conference call with analysts.
The majority of those savings are sustainable, with the exception of one-time items and a reduction in bonuses to hotel managers this year, van Paasschen noted.
Shares rose $2.00, or 9.4 percent, to $22.28 in afternoon trading. Rival Marriott International Inc's (MAR.N) stock gained 6 percent, while Host Hotels & Resorts Inc (HST.N), which owns several Starwood properties, saw its stock gain 9 percent.
Starwood reported net income of $134 million, or 74 cents per share, compared with the year-earlier $105 million, or 56 cents per share.
The 28 percent jump in net profit was fueled a gain from a tax incentive program in Italy. Excluding that gain and $26 million in other charges, Starwood earned 22 cents a share.
The results surpassed analyst expectations of 17 cents per share, according to Reuters Estimates.
Revenue fell 23.4 percent to $1.2 billion, slightly lower than analysts' forecast.
But the hotelier, which operates the St. Regis, W and Sheraton chains, also cut its full-year outlook and offered third-quarter estimates that fell far short of analyst expectations.
Chief Financial Officer Vasant Prabhu during the call noted that business was stabilizing, but recovery remains slow.
* Cuts 2009 full-year outlook
* In discussions to sell non-core assets
* Shares jump over 9 percent (Adds CEO, CFO comment from earnings call, information on supply pipeline, updates shares)
By Deepa Seetharaman
NEW YORK, July 23 (Reuters) - Starwood Hotels & Resorts Inc (HOT.N) posted a better-than-expected profit on Thursday, buoyed by cost cuts, and its shares rose over 9 percent.
Costs and expenses for the second quarter fell by about one-fifth, driven by a more than 30 percent drop in general and administrative costs.
"We continue to beat expectations on cost containment," said Chief Executive Frits van Paasschen during a conference call with analysts.
The majority of those savings are sustainable, with the exception of one-time items and a reduction in bonuses to hotel managers this year, van Paasschen noted.
Shares rose $2.00, or 9.4 percent, to $22.28 in afternoon trading. Rival Marriott International Inc's (MAR.N) stock gained 6 percent, while Host Hotels & Resorts Inc (HST.N), which owns several Starwood properties, saw its stock gain 9 percent.
Starwood reported net income of $134 million, or 74 cents per share, compared with the year-earlier $105 million, or 56 cents per share.
The 28 percent jump in net profit was fueled a gain from a tax incentive program in Italy. Excluding that gain and $26 million in other charges, Starwood earned 22 cents a share.
The results surpassed analyst expectations of 17 cents per share, according to Reuters Estimates.
Revenue fell 23.4 percent to $1.2 billion, slightly lower than analysts' forecast.
But the hotelier, which operates the St. Regis, W and Sheraton chains, also cut its full-year outlook and offered third-quarter estimates that fell far short of analyst expectations.
Chief Financial Officer Vasant Prabhu during the call noted that business was stabilizing, but recovery remains slow.
The disease runs a variable course leading to severe disability in fourth or fifth decade. CPK is elevated and muscle biopsy shows non-specific dystro
dystrophy - Either sex. Onset usually in third decade. (i) Pelvifemoral form - Weakness begins in pelvic girdle musculature (psoas, glutei and quadriceps) and results in waddling lordotic gait with difficulty in climbing stairs. Winging of scapulae. (ii) Scapulohumeral form- Weakness confined initially to shoulder girdle and upper arm muscles. Deltoids are usually spared and may appear enlarged due to severe atrophy of upper arm muscles. Pelvic girdle musculature usually becomes affected at a later stage. The disease runs a variable course leading to severe disability in fourth or fifth decade. CPK is elevated and muscle biopsy shows non-specific dystrophic changes. (b) Scapuloperoneal muscular dystrophy - Presents in early adult life with foot drop due to weakness of anterior tibial and peroneal groups. Extensor digitorum muscle is characteristically spared and may be hypertrophied. The disease runs a benign course. Wasting and weakness in upper limbs is initially confined to scapular muscles but later spreacte to involve biceps, triceps, forearm extensors and sometimes small muscles of hand. (c) Congenital muscular dystrophy - One of the causes of the floppy infant. Myopathy manifests at birth or early life. Small, weak, hypotonic muscles, proximal usually more affected than distal. Both sexes. (3) Autosomal dominant muscular dystrophy - (a) Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy - Either sex. Onset usually in adolescence. Initial involvement, sometimes symmetrical, of facial and shoulder-girdle muscles, soon followed by weakness of anterior tibial and peroneal muscles, usually with spread within 20 or 30 years to pelvic muscles. Profound facial weakness produces pouting of the lips and a transverse smile. Slow insidious progression with periods of long arrest of the disease. (b) Distal muscular dystrophy of Welander - Very rare. Presents with slowly progressive, predominantly distal wasting and weakness. Muscle biopsy similar to myotonic dystrophy. (c) Ocular and oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy - Presents in adult life with ptosis and extraocular weakness, usually without significant diplopia. Dysphagia is prominent in some families. Face and sternomastoicte are commonly affected and most patients develop weakness in the legs. Relatively benign course. Muscle biopsy shows vacuolar changes. Management - None specific. Principles are to treat complications such as respiratory and urinary infection if and when they occur, to avoid trauma which may easily result in fracture of limb bones and to keep the patient active as long as possible. II. Myotonic disorders -Failure of voluntary muscles to relax immediately innervation ceases. 1. MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY (Dystrophia myotonica) - (i) Onset - Most patients present in adult life with distal weakness and wasting in upper or lower limbs. (ii) Muscle weakness/wasting - (a) Myopathic facies - Ptosis, hanging jaw, haggard appearance, temporal wasting. (b) Weakness of neck flexion, wasting of sternomastoicte. (c) Distal limb weakness with wasted brachioradialis. 3. Frontal baldness. Hyperostosis frontalis interna. 4. Cataracts (post. subcapsular) 5. Cardiac conduction defects (Heart block, at rial arrhythmias). Cardiomyopathy. 6. Hypoventilation, post-an aesthetic respiratory failure. 7. Hypersomnolence, mental retardation. 8. Hypogammaglobulinemia. 9. End-organ resistance to insulin (Impaired glucose tolerance). 10. Dysphagia, oesophageal dilatation. Investigations - (a) CPK - Normal or slightly elevated. (b) EMG - Characteristic myopathic picture with myotonic discharges. (c) Muscle biopsy - Chains of central nuclei, marked variation of
Shares rose $3, or 6.7 percent, to $48.22 in morning trading
On Thursday the Kingsport, Tenn.-based company said its second-quarter profit fell 43 percent to $65 million, or 89 cents per share, well above the 71-cent estimate by analysts, according to a Thomson Reuters poll.
The company said it expects full-year earnings to be "toward the high end" of its previous guidance of between $2 and $3 per share. Analysts have projected earnings of $2.48 per share.
Deutsche Bank ( DB - news - people ) analyst Jason Minor said the second-quarter results underscored the company's operating strength.
With cost reductions gaining traction, volumes picking up and margins up sharply versus the first quarter, Eastman's second-quarter results highlighted its operating leverage as earnings again improved beyond expectations."
The company said it expects full-year earnings to be "toward the high end" of its previous guidance of between $2 and $3 per share. Analysts have projected earnings of $2.48 per share.
Deutsche Bank ( DB - news - people ) analyst Jason Minor said the second-quarter results underscored the company's operating strength.
With cost reductions gaining traction, volumes picking up and margins up sharply versus the first quarter, Eastman's second-quarter results highlighted its operating leverage as earnings again improved beyond expectations."
The contents of capsules other than Modified-release (Sustained-release) Capsules do not contain any added colouring agent. Hard Capsules: Hard capsul
fillers, wetting agents and disintegrating agents. The contents of capsules other than Modified-release (Sustained-release) Capsules do not contain any added colouring agent. Hard Capsules: Hard capsules contain the medicament(s) in the solid form. Where two mutually incompatible drugs are present in the mixture, one of the drugs can be put as a tablet or pellet or in small capsule and then enclosed with the other drug in a large capsule.Soft Capsules: Soft capsules shells are usually formed, filled with medicament and sealed in a combined operation on machines. In some cases, shells for extemporaneous use may be performed. The shells which are thicker than those of hard capsules are formed to produce capsules which are spherical, oval or cylindrical with hemispherical ends. The shells may sometimes contain a medicament. They may contain a preservative to prevent growth of fungi. The contents of soft capsules usually consist of liquids or solids dissolved or dispersed in suitable excipients to give a paste-like consistency but may also consist of powders or granules. As soft gelatin shells contain appreciable amounts of water, migration of capsule contents, particularly of% water-soluble ingredients, may occur. Modified-release Capsules: Modified-release (Sustained-release) Capsules are hard or soft capsules in which the contents or the shell, or both, contain auxiliary substances or are prepared by a special process designed to modify the rate at which the active ingredients are released Enteric Capsules: Enteric Capsules are hard or soft capsules prepared in such a manner that the shell resists the action of the gastric fluid but is attacked by the intestinal fluid to release the contents. STANDARDSContent of active ingredients: Determine the amount of active ingredient(s) by the method desctibed in the Assay and calculate the amount of active ingredient(s) in each capsule. The result lies within the range for the content of active ingredient(s) stated in the monograph. This range is based on the requirement that 20 capsules, or such other number as may be indicated in the monograph, are used in the Assay. Where 20 capsules cannot be obtained, a smaller number, which must not be less than 5, may be used, but to allow for sampling errors the tolerances are widened in accordance with Table 1. The requirements of Table 1 apply when the stated limits are between 90 and 110%. For limits other than 90 to 110%, proportionately smaller or larger allowances should be made. Uniformity of weight: This test is not applicable to capsules that are required to comply with the test for Uniformity of content for all active ingredients.Weigh an intact capsule. Open the capsule without losing any part of the shell and remove the contents as completely as possible. To remove the contents of a soft capsule the shell may be washed with ether or other suitable solvent and the shell allowed to stand until the odour of the solvent is no longer detectable. Weigh the shell. The weight of the contents is the difference between the weighings. Repeat the procedure with a further 19 capsules. Determine the average weight. Not more than two of the individual weights deviate from the average weight by more than the percentage deviation shown in Table 2 and none deviates by more than twice that percentage. TABLE 2Average weight of capsule Percentage deviation contents Less
Ford Price Target Raised at Goldman, Deutsche on Mulally Gains
Officer Alan Mulally added U.S. market share and boosted prices without a federal bailout, two analysts said.
The shares may reach $9.50 in six months, Goldman, Sachs & Co.’s Patrick Archambault wrote in a July 24 (Bloomberg) -- Ford Motor Co.’s stock may gain as much as 36 percent after Chief Executive report. Deutsche Bank’s Rod Lache in New York raised his target price to $8 from $5.50. Ford slid 18 cents, or 2.6 percent, to $6.83 at 9:36 a.m. in New York Stock Exchange composite trading as U.S. stocks fell.
“Overall, we were impressed with the execution of Ford’s turnaround plan,” Lache wrote today, maintaining his “hold” rating. Ford’s North American region, its biggest, “appears to be on the right track.”
Mulally cut $10.1 billion from the Dearborn, Michigan-based automaker’s liabilities this year with a debt exchange and seeks union concessions to match those granted to General Motors Co. and Chrysler Group LLC in U.S.-backed bankruptcies. Smaller sales declines at Ford have helped boost U.S. market share.
Ford more than tripled this year through yesterday for the second-biggest advance in the Standard & Poor’s 500 stock index. The shares surged 9.4 percent yesterday after Ford’s second- quarter adjusted loss beat analysts’ estimates.
The results show Ford may be “best positioned to deliver” on auto industry “momentum,” wrote Archambault, who is based in New York and advises buying the shares. Mulally has reduced costs while also raising prices, Archambault wrote.
A rising share price may allow Ford to sell more stock, Joseph Amaturo, a New York-based analyst for Buckingham Research Group, wrote today. He rates the stock as “neutral.” JPMorgan Chase & Co. and Credit Suisse Holdings USA Inc. made similar predictions last week. Ford issued 345 million shares in May, raising $1.6 billion.
Ford’s adjusted loss was 21 cents a share, excluding one- time costs and gains, narrower than the 50-cent average loss estimate among 12 analysts surveyed by Bloomberg. Net income was $2.26 billion, or 69 cents a share, primarily on a $3.4 billion non-cash gain resulting from shrinking debt.
Ford passed Toyota Motor Corp. for second place in U.S. market share through June, behind GM.
July 24 (Bloomberg) -- Ford Motor Co.’s stock may gain as much as 36 percent after Chief Executive Officer Alan Mulally added U.S. market share and boosted prices without a federal bailout, two analysts said.
The shares may reach $9.50 in six months, Goldman, Sachs & Co.’s Patrick Archambault wrote in a report. Deutsche Bank’s Rod Lache in New York raised his target price to $8 from $5.50. Ford slid 18 cents, or 2.6 percent, to $6.83 at 9:36 a.m. in New York Stock Exchange composite trading as U.S. stocks fell.
“Overall, we were impressed with the execution of Ford’s turnaround plan,” Lache wrote today, maintaining his “hold” rating. Ford’s North American region, its biggest, “appears to be on the right track.”
Mulally cut $10.1 billion from the Dearborn, Michigan-based automaker’s liabilities this year with a debt exchange and seeks union concessions to match those granted to General Motors Co. and Chrysler Group LLC in U.S.-backed bankruptcies. Smaller sales declines at Ford have helped boost U.S. market share.
Ford more than tripled this year through yesterday for the second-biggest advance in the Standard & Poor’s 500 stock index. The shares surged 9.4 percent yesterday after Ford’s second- quarter adjusted loss beat analysts’ estimates.
The results show Ford may be “best positioned to deliver” on auto industry “momentum,” wrote Archambault, who is based in New York and advises buying the shares. Mulally has reduced costs while also raising prices, Archambault wrote. A rising share price may allow Ford to sell more stock, Joseph Amaturo, a New York-based analyst for Buckingham Research Group, wrote today. He rates the stock as “neutral.” JPMorgan Chase & Co. and Credit Suisse Holdings USA Inc. made similar predictions last week. Ford issued 345 million
The shares may reach $9.50 in six months, Goldman, Sachs & Co.’s Patrick Archambault wrote in a July 24 (Bloomberg) -- Ford Motor Co.’s stock may gain as much as 36 percent after Chief Executive report. Deutsche Bank’s Rod Lache in New York raised his target price to $8 from $5.50. Ford slid 18 cents, or 2.6 percent, to $6.83 at 9:36 a.m. in New York Stock Exchange composite trading as U.S. stocks fell.
“Overall, we were impressed with the execution of Ford’s turnaround plan,” Lache wrote today, maintaining his “hold” rating. Ford’s North American region, its biggest, “appears to be on the right track.”
Mulally cut $10.1 billion from the Dearborn, Michigan-based automaker’s liabilities this year with a debt exchange and seeks union concessions to match those granted to General Motors Co. and Chrysler Group LLC in U.S.-backed bankruptcies. Smaller sales declines at Ford have helped boost U.S. market share.
Ford more than tripled this year through yesterday for the second-biggest advance in the Standard & Poor’s 500 stock index. The shares surged 9.4 percent yesterday after Ford’s second- quarter adjusted loss beat analysts’ estimates.
The results show Ford may be “best positioned to deliver” on auto industry “momentum,” wrote Archambault, who is based in New York and advises buying the shares. Mulally has reduced costs while also raising prices, Archambault wrote.
A rising share price may allow Ford to sell more stock, Joseph Amaturo, a New York-based analyst for Buckingham Research Group, wrote today. He rates the stock as “neutral.” JPMorgan Chase & Co. and Credit Suisse Holdings USA Inc. made similar predictions last week. Ford issued 345 million shares in May, raising $1.6 billion.
Ford’s adjusted loss was 21 cents a share, excluding one- time costs and gains, narrower than the 50-cent average loss estimate among 12 analysts surveyed by Bloomberg. Net income was $2.26 billion, or 69 cents a share, primarily on a $3.4 billion non-cash gain resulting from shrinking debt.
Ford passed Toyota Motor Corp. for second place in U.S. market share through June, behind GM.
July 24 (Bloomberg) -- Ford Motor Co.’s stock may gain as much as 36 percent after Chief Executive Officer Alan Mulally added U.S. market share and boosted prices without a federal bailout, two analysts said.
The shares may reach $9.50 in six months, Goldman, Sachs & Co.’s Patrick Archambault wrote in a report. Deutsche Bank’s Rod Lache in New York raised his target price to $8 from $5.50. Ford slid 18 cents, or 2.6 percent, to $6.83 at 9:36 a.m. in New York Stock Exchange composite trading as U.S. stocks fell.
“Overall, we were impressed with the execution of Ford’s turnaround plan,” Lache wrote today, maintaining his “hold” rating. Ford’s North American region, its biggest, “appears to be on the right track.”
Mulally cut $10.1 billion from the Dearborn, Michigan-based automaker’s liabilities this year with a debt exchange and seeks union concessions to match those granted to General Motors Co. and Chrysler Group LLC in U.S.-backed bankruptcies. Smaller sales declines at Ford have helped boost U.S. market share.
Ford more than tripled this year through yesterday for the second-biggest advance in the Standard & Poor’s 500 stock index. The shares surged 9.4 percent yesterday after Ford’s second- quarter adjusted loss beat analysts’ estimates.
The results show Ford may be “best positioned to deliver” on auto industry “momentum,” wrote Archambault, who is based in New York and advises buying the shares. Mulally has reduced costs while also raising prices, Archambault wrote. A rising share price may allow Ford to sell more stock, Joseph Amaturo, a New York-based analyst for Buckingham Research Group, wrote today. He rates the stock as “neutral.” JPMorgan Chase & Co. and Credit Suisse Holdings USA Inc. made similar predictions last week. Ford issued 345 million
A The infra-red absorption spectrum, Appendix 5.4, is concordani wilh the reference spectrum of carbimazole or with the spectrum obtained from carbima
odour, characteristic Solubility Freely soluble in chloroform; soluble in acelone; sparingly soluble in ethanol (95%), slightly soluble in water and in ether Storage Store in well-closed containerst. STANDARDSCarbimazole contams not less than 98.5 per cent and not more than 100.5 per cent of C7H10N202S, calculated with reference to tne dried substance Idenlification A The infra-red absorption spectrum, Appendix 5.4, is concordani wilh the reference spectrum of carbimazole or with the spectrum obtained from carbimazole RS. B: Heat 0.2 g with 5 ml of dilule hydrochloric acid on a water-bath for 1 hour. Cool, extract with three quantities, each of 5 ml, of chloroform, wash he combined chloroform extracts with 0.5 ml of water, filter through a dry filter paper and remove the chloroform The residue, after crystallisation from ethanol (95%), melts at about 140°, Appendix 8.8. C: To a small quantity add 1 drop of dilute potassium iodobismuthate solution, a scarlet colour is produced. Methimazole: Carry out the method for thin-layer chromatography, Appendix 4.6, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of 80 volumes of chloroform and 20 volumes of acetone as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10 ul of eachof two solutions in chloroform containing (1) 1 0% w/v of the substance being examined and (2) 0005% w/v of methimazole RS and develop immediately. After removal of the plate, allow it to dry in air and spray with dilute potassium mdobismuthate solution Any spot corresponding to methimazole in the chromatogram obtained with solution (1) is not more intense than the spot in the chromatogram oblamed with solution (2) Sulphated ash: Nol more than 0 1 %, Appendix 3 22 Loss on drying Nol more than 0 5%, determined on 1 g by drying over phosphorus pentoxide at a pressure not exceeding 0.7 kPa for 24 hours, Appendix 8.6. Assay: Weigh accurately about 50 mg and dissolve in sufficient water to produce 500 0 ml To 10 0 ml of the solulion add 10 ml of IM hydrochloric acid and sufficient water to produce 100 0 ml and measure the absorbance of the resulting solution at the maximum at about 291 nm, Appendix 5.5 Calculate the content of C7H10N202S taking 557 as the value of A(1%, 1 cm) at the maximum at about 291 nm CARBIMAZOLE TABLETS Usual strengths: 5 mg, 20 mg. Storage: Slore in well-closed containers in a cool place STANDARDSCarbimazole Tablels contain not less than 90 0 per cent and not more than 110.0 per cent of the stated amount of carbimazole, C7H10N202S. The tablets may be coated. Identification: A: Shake a quantity of the powdered tablets equivalent of 50 mg of Carbimazole with two quantities, each of 5 ml of chloroform. Combine the chloroform extracts, filter and evaporate the filtrate to dryness. The infra-red absorption speclrum of the residue, Appendix 5.4, after drying al 60° at a pressure nol exceeding 0.7 kPa for 30 minutes, is concordani with the reference spectrum of carbimazole or with the spectrum obtained from carbimazole RS. B: To a small quantity of the powdered tablets add 1 drop of dilute polassium iodobismuthate solution; a scarlet colour is produced. Methimazole: Comply with the test described under Carbimazole, using as solution (1) a solution prepared by shaking a quantity of the powdered tablets equivalent to 10 mg of Carbimazole with 2 ml of chloroform for 5 minutes and filtering Uniformily of content (For tablets containing 10 mg or less): Comply with the requirements stated under Tablets using the following method of analysis Powder one tablet, add 300 ml of waler warmed to a lemperature nol exceeding 35°, shake for a few minutes and add sufficient water to produce 500 0 ml Mix well, filter, dilule further, if necessary wilh water and complele the Assay beginning al the words "Measure Ihe absorbance " Other requirements Comply with Ihe requirements of lests slated under Tablets. Assay: Weigh and powder 20 tablets. Weigh accurately a quantity of the powder equivalent to 40 mg of Carbimazole, add 300 ml of water warmed to a temperature not exceeding 35°, shake for a few mmutes and add sufficient water to produce 50.00 ml. Mix well and filler; dilute 50.0 ml of the filtrate to 500.0 ml with water and mix well. Measure]
Ford Price Target Raised at Goldman, Deutsche on Mulally Gains
Officer Alan Mulally added U.S. market share and boosted prices without a federal bailout, two analysts said. The shares may reach $9.50 in six months, Goldman, Sachs & Co.’s Patrick Archambault wrote in a July 24 (Bloomberg) -- Ford Motor Co.’s stock may gain as much as 36 percent after Chief Executive report. Deutsche Bank’s Rod Lache in New York raised his target price to $8 from $5.50. Ford slid 18
This first affects vertical movements (initially only willed movements), and congugate lateral gaze involvement at a later stage. 5. Cerebral anoxia
degenerative condition of unknown etiology. It resembles Parkinsonism in the association of hypokinesia with hypertonus, differing from it in that it is associated with a diagnostic disorder of ocular motility. This first affects vertical movements (initially only willed movements), and congugate lateral gaze involvement at a later stage. 5. Cerebral anoxia - Diffuse cerebral anoxia resulting usually from cardiorespiratory arrest can lead to Parkinsonism due to bilateral basal ganglia infarction. In younger people severe hypotension wit.h hypoxia in opiate overdosage and carbon monoxide poisoning are the usual causes. G. Dystonia musculorum deformans (Torsion spasm) Disease of basal ganglia of unknown etiology characterised by occurrence of slow, strong, sustained, twisting, turning and writhing movements of the somatic muscles, particularly muscles of girdle and trunk Abnormal movements and spasm of muscles produce bizarre stepping gait and often dysarthria, facial grimacing and torticollis. 7. Spasmodic torticollis - Usually starts in adolescence or early adult life and characterised by marked tonic or clonic movements of sternomastoid, trapezius and other muscles of neck. This results in the neck being twisted to one side, the shoulder being elevated and sometimes, the head tilted backwards. The movements are intermittent, aggravated by emotion and anxiety and stop during sleep. Distinction between hysterical and organic torticollis may be difficult 20 HEREDITARY AND DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS Cerebral Palsy Definition - The term cerebral palsy refers to a variety of neurological deficits, permanent but nonprogressive, mainly affecting motor function, as a result of prenatal insult, birth injury or some illness in early infancy. In addition to motor defects, intellectual impairment is common Risk factors Prenatal - Malformations, obstructive lesions in the brain (e.g. cysts, peri ventricular leucomalacia), infection, exposure to toxins, genetic predisposition. Perinatal- Asphyxia, hemorrhage, low birth weight, prematurity. Postnatal - CNS infection and trauma. Clinical Features: SPASTIC - (a) Spastic hemiplegia - Commonest type. May be associated hemisensory and hemianopic visual field defect and sometimes dysphasia Seizures may occur. (b) Spastic diplegia - Difficulty in walking, scissor gait. Upper limbs relatively spared. (c) Tetraplegia - Equal involvement of all four limbs. Seizures likely, and primitive reflexes (tonic neck, Mora, sucking, grasping) persist well beyond normal age. Limbs may become spastic by end of first year. 2. EXTRAPYRAMIDAL -Choreoathetosis and dystonia. Associated difficulty in articulation, draolling and emotional lability. Usually normal intelligence. 3. ATAXIC- Cerebellar ataxia often associated with mental retardation. 4. MIXED SYNDROME - Combination of spastic paraplegia and ataxia. Investigation - (a) Intrauterine infection if under 3 years of age. (b) Chromosome analysis if features are dysmorphic or intrauterine growth is poor. (c) EEG if seizures. (d) Brain imaging to look for maldevelopment, atrophy, peri ventricular leucomalacia, or migration defects. Management: 1. Physiotherapy - to be started early. 2. Drugs - (a) Spasticity - Baclofen acts peripherally, dantralene has direct effect on muscle. (b) Dystonia - Diazepam, benzhexol, tetrabenzene. 3. Surgery- (a) Neurasurgical- Selective dorsal root rhizotomy. (b) Orthopoedic for structures and other deformities. Syringomyelia Definition - A chronic progressive disorder in which cavitation (syrinx = pipe) develops within the spinal cord, either involving the central canal, the central grey matter of the spinal cord
AWB halts share trading
Agribusiness company AWB has temporarily halted trading in its shares, pending an announcement to the Australian Securities Exchange about its operations in South America.
The company is also flagging an announcement about its full-year trading expectations.
AWB Brazil, set up three years ago at a cost of about $250 million, traded in soy beans and corn products, and also had interests in lot-fed cattle
Earlier this year, AWB announced that a number of accounting errors had been uncovered during a review of the Brazilian operations.The losses contributed to AWB's poor first half profits, which fell by more than 60 per cent to $8.54 million
The company is also flagging an announcement about its full-year trading expectations.
AWB Brazil, set up three years ago at a cost of about $250 million, traded in soy beans and corn products, and also had interests in lot-fed cattle
Earlier this year, AWB announced that a number of accounting errors had been uncovered during a review of the Brazilian operations.The losses contributed to AWB's poor first half profits, which fell by more than 60 per cent to $8.54 million
Category: Ulcer-healing drug in gastric ulcer. Dose: 300 mg daily, in divided doses for 1 week; subsequently, upto 150 mg daily, in divided doses. Des
described under Carbenicillin Sodium using the mixed contents of 10 containers CARBENOXOLONE SODIUM C34H48Na2O7, Mol. Wt. 614.70 Carbenoxolone Sodium is disodium 3 - (3-carboxyl-atopropionyloxy)-! 1-oxo-olean-l2-en-30-oate. Category: Ulcer-healing drug in gastric ulcer. Dose: 300 mg daily, in divided doses for 1 week; subsequently, upto 150 mg daily, in divided doses. Description: White or pale cream powder; hygroscopic; irritant to nasal membranes.Solubility: Freely soluble in water; soluble in ethanol (95%); practically insoluble in chloroform and in ether. Storage: Store in well-closed containers STANDARDSCarbenoxolone Sodium contains not less than 97.0 per cent and not more than 103. 0 per cent of C34H48Na2O7, calculated with reference to the anhydrous substance. Identification: A: Dissolve 0.1 g in 5 ml of water, just acidify with 2M hydrochloric acid, stir well and filter. Wash the residue with water until the washings are no longer acidic and dry to constant weight at 105°. The infra-red absorption spectrum. Appendix 5.4, of the residue is concordant with the reference spectrum of carbenoxolone or with the spectrum obtained from carbenoxolone sodium RS treated in the same manner. B: The light absorption in the range 230 to 360 nm of a 0. 0025% w/v solution in a mixture of equal volumes of methanol and 0.02M sodium carbonate exhibits a maximum only at about 256 nm,; absorbance at about 256 rim, about 0.5, Appendix 5.5. C: Mix 5 mg with 50 mg of resorcinol and 2 ml of sulphuric acid (80%) Heat at 200° for 10 minutes, cool, pour into 200 ml of water and add sufficient 5M sodium hydroxide to make the mixture just alkaline; an intense green fluorescence is produced. D: A 5% w/v solution gives the reactions of sodium salts, Appendix 3..1.pH: Between 8.0 and 9.2, determined in a 1,0% w/v solution, Appendix 8.11. Specific optical rotation: Between +132° to +140°, determined in a 1 % w/v solution in a mixture of equal volumes of methanol and 0. 02M sodium carbonate, Appendix 8.9. Related substances Carry out the method for thin-layer chromatography. Appendix 4.6, using silica gel F2S4 as the coating substance (precoated Merck silica gel 60 F254 plates are suitable) and a mixture of 60 volumes of ethyl acetate, 20 volumes of methanol, 11 volumes of water and 1 volume of strong ammonia solution as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5 µl of each of two solutions of the substance being examined in methanol containing (1)1.50% w/v and (2) 0.030% w/v. After removal of the plate, allow it to dry in air and examine under ultra-violet light (254 nm). Spray with a 1.5% w/v solution of vanillin in sulphuric acid (60%) and heat at 105° for 10 to 15 minutes. By both methods of visualisation, any secondaryspot in the chromatogram obtained with solution (1) is not more intense than the spot in the chromatogram obtained with solution (2). Water: Not more than 40% w/w, determined on 06 g. Appendix 324 Assay Weigh accurately about 1 g and dissolve in 30 ml of water Add 30 ml of chloroform and 15 ml of a mixture of 10 volumes of 2M hydrochloric acid and 90 volumes of water, shake and allow to separate Add the chloroform layer to 40 ml of a 20% w/v solution of sodium chloride, shake and allow to separate. Repeat the extraction with four quantities, each of 15 ml, of chloroform, combine the chloroform extracts and add sufficient chloroform to produce 100.0 ml. Evaporate 25.0 ml, dry the residue at 100° at a pressure of 2
Indian students preyed upon for socio-economic reasons: Victoria police chief
Melbourne, July 1 (IANS) Some of the attacks against Indian students in Australia over the past few weeks had racist overtones, admits Victoria state's top police official. But he also underscores that the victims were vulnerable due to socio-economic reasons.
"I am not saying there have been no racist undertones. There may well have been but I would like to stress that opportunistic crime and the fact that these kids are vulnerable have also contributed to the number of incidents," admits Simon Overland, Victoria's chief commissioner of police who has been in the eye of the storm quelling sit-in protests and demonstrations in the wake of the attacks.
"Because of their sheer numbers, they will be victims of crime. But I will ensure that these incidents are not disproportionate," Overland told IANS in an interview.
Over the last few weeks, there have been at least 20 such incidents of either students being attacked in public transport or waylaid near their houses in both Melbourne and Sydney, sparking allegations of widespread racism in Australian society and a failure by law enforcement authorities to act.
"They have been preyed upon. But they are vulnerable for a whole set of other reasons which need to be addressed urgently and most of these are socio-economic," he asserts.
"They live in cheap housing, work late hours and often take on more than one job to stay afloat. Many of them drive taxis in the late hours, so that can invite trouble from louts who are drunk, while others work in convenient stores that are open right through the night."
"In addition, many who use public transport to go back home that is usually in the suburbs, sometimes unknowingly invite trouble by using i-pods and laptops. The transport system can be unsafe in the wee hours of the morning," says Overland, who commands a force of nearly 11,000 men for the entire state boasting of a population of over five million.
"Ideally, I would like more men on the force but the challenge is to use my resources effectively," he says.
Just this week, Victoria Police launched a new scheme called 'Operation Safe Stations' under which it has increased its presence in trains and stations in suburbs with the aim of reducing muggings and robberies, especially those targeted at international students.
"I am not saying there have been no racist undertones. There may well have been but I would like to stress that opportunistic crime and the fact that these kids are vulnerable have also contributed to the number of incidents," admits Simon Overland, Victoria's chief commissioner of police who has been in the eye of the storm quelling sit-in protests and demonstrations in the wake of the attacks.
"Because of their sheer numbers, they will be victims of crime. But I will ensure that these incidents are not disproportionate," Overland told IANS in an interview.
Over the last few weeks, there have been at least 20 such incidents of either students being attacked in public transport or waylaid near their houses in both Melbourne and Sydney, sparking allegations of widespread racism in Australian society and a failure by law enforcement authorities to act.
"They have been preyed upon. But they are vulnerable for a whole set of other reasons which need to be addressed urgently and most of these are socio-economic," he asserts.
"They live in cheap housing, work late hours and often take on more than one job to stay afloat. Many of them drive taxis in the late hours, so that can invite trouble from louts who are drunk, while others work in convenient stores that are open right through the night."
"In addition, many who use public transport to go back home that is usually in the suburbs, sometimes unknowingly invite trouble by using i-pods and laptops. The transport system can be unsafe in the wee hours of the morning," says Overland, who commands a force of nearly 11,000 men for the entire state boasting of a population of over five million.
"Ideally, I would like more men on the force but the challenge is to use my resources effectively," he says.
Just this week, Victoria Police launched a new scheme called 'Operation Safe Stations' under which it has increased its presence in trains and stations in suburbs with the aim of reducing muggings and robberies, especially those targeted at international students.
The solution is nol more intensely coloured than reference solution BS8, Appendix 6.2. Hahdes: 15 ml of a 5% w/v solution in carbon dioxide free water
solution add 0.1 ml of sodium sulphide solution. The solution is nol more intensely coloured than reference solution BS8, Appendix 6.2. Hahdes: 15 ml of a 5% w/v solution in carbon dioxide free water complies with the limit test for chlorides, Appendix 3.10, using 0.3 ml of chloride standard solution [25 ppm Cl) for preparing the standard Apomethylalropine: A 0. 1% w/v solution in 0.01M hydrochloric acid exhibits maxima at about 252 nm and 257 nm. The ralio of the absorbance al about 257 nm to that at about 252 nm is not less than 1.17, Appendix 5.5. Relaled substances: Carry out the method for thin-layer chromalography, Appendix 4. 6, using silica gel G as the coaling substance and a mixlure of 60 volumes of ethyl acetate, 15 volumes of anhydrous formic acid, 15 volumes of waler and 10 volumes of methanol as the mobile phase Apply separately to the plate 5 µl of each of two solutions in methanol (90°10) containing (1) 4.0% w/v of the substance being examined and (2) 0.020% w/v of the substance being examined. After removal of the plate, dry it at 105° until the odour of the solvent is not deteclable. Allow it to cool to room temperature and spray with dilute potassium lodobismuthate solution until spots appear. Any secondary spot in the chromatogram obtained with solution (1) is nol more intense lhan the spot in the chromatogram obtained with solution (2). Sulphaled ash: Not more than 0.1 %, Appendix 3. 22. Loss on drying: Not more than 0.5%, determined on 1 g by drying in an oven al 105°, Appendix 8.6. Assay: Weigh accurately aboul 0.3 g and dissolve in 50 ml of anhydrous glacial acetic acid Carry out Method A for non-aqueous titration, Appendix 3.45, determining the end-point potentiometncally. Perform a blank determination and make any necessary correction Each ml of0. 1M perchloric acid is equivalent to 0 03664 g of C18H28N2O6. ATROPINE SULPHATEAtropme Sulphate is (1 R,3r,5S)-3-tropoyloxylropainum sulphate monohydrale. Category: Anlicholinergic; antidole to cholineslerase inhibitors. Dose: As anlicholmergic, orally, 250 µg to 2 mg daily in single or divided doses, by; subcutaneous, intramuscular, or by intravenous injection, 400 ug lo 600 ug four to six times a day; as antidote to cholmeslerase inhibitors, by intravenous injection, 2 lo 4 mg initially, followed by mlramuscular injection, 2 mg repeatred every 5 to 10 minutes. Description: Colourless cryslals or white, crystalline powder; odourless .Solubility: Very soluble in waler; freely soluble in ethanol (95%) and in glycerin, praclically insoluble in chloroform and in ether. Storage Store in well-closed, light-resistanl containers STANDARDSAlropine Sulphate contains not less than 99.0 percent and not more than 101.0 per cent of (C17H23NO3)2.H2SO4, calculated with reference to the anhydrous substance. Identification Test A may be omitted if tests B, C and D are carried out Tests B and C may be omitted if tests A and D are carried out. A: The infra-red absorption spectrum, Appendix 5.4, is concordant with the reference spectrum of atropme sulphate or wilh the spectrum obtained from atropme sulphate RS. B: To a 2% w/v solution add sodium hydroxide solution, filter and transfer the precipitate with water Dry the precipilate al 60°. To 5 mg of the residue add 5 drops of fuming nitric acid and evaporate to dryness on a water-bath. Cool the family yellow coloured residue and add 2 ml of acetone and 4 drops of a 3% w/v solution of potassium hydroxide in methanol; a violet colour is produced C Gives the reaction of alkaloids, Appendix 3.1. D: A 5% w/v solution gives the reactions of sulphates, Appendix 3.1. pH: Between 4.5 and 6.2, determined in a 2.0% w/v solution, Appendix 8.11. Specific optical retation: Between -050° and +0.05°, determined in a 10% w/v solution, using a 2-dm tube, Appendix 8.9 (distinction from hyoscyamme). Apoatropme: Absorbance of a 0.1 % w/v solution in 0.01M hydrochloric acid at about 245 nm, not more than 0.4, Appendix 5.5 (about U.5%). Foreign alkaloids and decomposition products: Carry out the method for thin-layer chromalography, Appendix 4.6, using silica gel G as the coaling substance and a mixture of 90 volumes of acetone, 7 volumes of water and 3 volumes of strong ammonia solution as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10 µl of each of three solutions of the substance being examined in methanol containing (1) 2.0%. w/v, (2)
China May Overtake India in Gold Demand, Council Says (Update2)
July 24 (Bloomberg) -- China may overtake India to become the world’s top gold consumer this year, the World Gold Council said, as the nation became the first of the major economies to rebound from the global recession.
Jewelry demand in China expanded in the first quarter while dropping in India, Marcus Grubb, a managing director at the London-based council, said today at a conference in Hong Kong. Chinese gold demand will keep rising, he said.
China’s economy grew 7.9 percent in the second quarter after a 4 trillion yuan ($586 billion) stimulus package spurred record lending and consumption. India’s gold purchases slumped 54 percent in the six months ended June after a decline in the rupee pushed up the cost of owning bullion, cooling demand from housewives and jewelers, the Bombay Bullion Association said.
“There is a possibility that China might overtake India as the world’s largest gold consumer this year,” Hou Huimin, deputy head of the China Gold Association, said by phone from Beijing today. “India’s gold consumption is reportedly dropping this year due to the financial crisis.” Total demand from India in the first quarter fell 83 percent to 17.7 metric tons, from 107.2 tons a year earlier, according to figures from the World Gold Council. Purchases in China rose 1.8 percent to 105.2 tons from 103.3 tons. Total Chinese demand for gold was six times that of India in the first quarter, the council said in May.
Jewelry demand in China expanded in the first quarter while dropping in India, Marcus Grubb, a managing director at the London-based council, said today at a conference in Hong Kong. Chinese gold demand will keep rising, he said.
China’s economy grew 7.9 percent in the second quarter after a 4 trillion yuan ($586 billion) stimulus package spurred record lending and consumption. India’s gold purchases slumped 54 percent in the six months ended June after a decline in the rupee pushed up the cost of owning bullion, cooling demand from housewives and jewelers, the Bombay Bullion Association said.
“There is a possibility that China might overtake India as the world’s largest gold consumer this year,” Hou Huimin, deputy head of the China Gold Association, said by phone from Beijing today. “India’s gold consumption is reportedly dropping this year due to the financial crisis.” Total demand from India in the first quarter fell 83 percent to 17.7 metric tons, from 107.2 tons a year earlier, according to figures from the World Gold Council. Purchases in China rose 1.8 percent to 105.2 tons from 103.3 tons. Total Chinese demand for gold was six times that of India in the first quarter, the council said in May.
. The solution is not more intensely coloured than reference solution BS8, Appendix 6.2. Hahdes: 15 ml of a 5% w/v solulion in carbon dioxide free wal
solution add 0.1 ml of sodium sulphide solution. The solution is not more intensely coloured than reference solution BS8, Appendix 6.2. Hahdes: 15 ml of a 5% w/v solulion in carbon dioxide free waler complies with the limit test for chlorides, Appendix 3.10, using 0.3 ml of chloride standard solution [25 ppm Cl) for preparing the standard. Apomethytatropine A 0 1% w/v sotution in 0 01M hydrochloric acid exhibils maxima at about 252 nm and 257 nm The ralio of the absorbance at about 257 nm to that at about 252 nm is not less than 1 17, Appendix 5.5 Related substances: Carry out the method for thin-layer chromatography, Appendix 4.6, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of 60 volumes of ethyl acetate, 15 volumes of anhydrous formic acid, 15 volumes of water and 10 volumes of methanol as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5 µl of each of two solutions in methanol (90°10) containing (1) 4.0% w/v of the substance being examined and (2) 0.020% w/v of the substance being examined. After removal of the plate, dry it at 105° until the odour of the solvent is not deteclable. Allow it to cool to room temperature and spray with dilute potassium iodobismuthate solution until spots appear. Any secondary spot in the chromatogram obtained with solution (1) is not more intense than the spot in the chromatogram obtained with solution (2). Sulphated ash: Not more than 0.1 %, Appendix 3.22. Loss on drying: Not more than 0.5%, determined on 1 g by drying in an oven at 105°, Appendix 8.6. Assay: Weigh accurately about 0.3 g and dissolve in 50 ml of anhydrous glacial acetic acid Carry out Method A for non-aqueous titration, Appendix 3.45, determining the end-point potentiometncally. Perform a blank determination and make any necessary correction. Each ml of 0.1M perchloric acid is equivalent to 0.03664 g of C18H28N2O6. ATROPINE SULPHATEAtropine Sulphale is (1 R,3r,5S)-3-tropoyloxytropainum sulphate monohydrale. Category: Anticholinergic; antidote to cholinesterase inhibitors. Dose: As anticholmergic, orally, 250 ug to 2 mg daily in single or divided doses; by subcutaneous, intramuscular, or by intravenous injection, 400 ug to 600 ug four to six times a day; as antidote to cholmesterase inhibitors, by intravenous injection, 2 to 4 mg initially, followed by intramuscular injection, 2 mg repeated every 5 to 10 minutes. Description: Colourless crystals or white, crystalline powder, odourless. Solubility: Very soluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol (95%) and in glycerin; practically insoluble in chloroform and in ether.Slorage: Store in well-closed, light-resistant containers.STANDARDSAlropine Sulphate contains not less than 99.0 percent and not more than 101.0 per cent of (C17H23NO3)2,H2SO4 calculated with reference to the anhydrous substance. Identification Test A may be omitted if tests B, C and D are carried out. Tests B and C may be omitted if tests A and D are carried out. A: The infra-red absorption spectrum, Appendix 5.4, is concordant with the reference spectrum of alropine sulphate or with the spectrum obtained from atropine sulphate RS. B: To a 2% w/v solution add sodium hydroxide solution, filter and transfer the precipitate with water. Dry the precipitate at 60°. To 5 mg of the residue add 5 drops of fuming nitric acid and evaporate to dryness on a water-bath Cool the family yellow coloured residue and add 2 ml of acetone and 4 drops of a 3% w/v solution of potassium hydroxide in methanol; a violet colour is produced. C: Gives the reaction of alkaloids, Appendix 3.1.D: A 5% w/v solution gives the reactions of sulphates, Appendix 3. 1. pH: Bel we en 4.5 and 6.2, determined in a 2.0% w/v solution, Appendix 8.11. Specific optical relation: Belween -0.50° and +0.05°, determined in a 10% w/v solution, using a 2-dm tube, Appendix 8.9 (distinction from hyoscyamine) Apoatropine: Absorbance of a 0.1 % w/v solulion in 0.01M hydrochloric acid at about 245 nm, not more than 0.4, Appendix 5.5 (about U.5%). Foreign alkaloids and decomposition products Carry out the method thin-layer chromatography, Appendix 4.6, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of 90 volumes of acetone, 7 volumes of water and 3 volumes of strong ammonia solution as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10 µl of each of three solutions of the substance being examined in methanol containing (1) 2.0% w/v, (2)
the cells are columnar and the amount of the colloid is reduced The colloid is made up of a protein, (secreted by the lining cuboidal cells), called,
of the colloid is great, but when it (i.e., the activity) is high, the cells are columnar and the amount of the colloid is reduced The colloid is made up of a protein, (secreted by the lining cuboidal cells), called, thyroglobulin Para follicular cells. Occasionally, in between the basement membrane of the follicle and the lining folhcular epithelium, special cells (fig.6.2.1) which are large in shape and called parafolhcular (or C) cells are seen. C cells secrete calcitonm. CHEMISTRY The thyroid gland secretes, three hormones-(i) thyroxine, (ii)triiodothyronine and (iii) -calcitonm. Of these three, the bulk is made up of Ihyroxine. In the peripheral tissues, thyroxine is converted into its more active form, tmodothyronine. But it is known that small amounts of tmodothyronine is also produced in the thyroid gland itself. Calcitonin is related to calcium homeostasis and wi be described in detail in connection with parat_hormone and calcium homeostasis (chap.3, sec.VI). Thyroxine (fig.A.6.2.2) Fig.6.2.2. Thyroid hormones Thyroxine contains two phenyl rings linked up by an ether bridge. The left hand side and righ hand side rings are called the outer and the inner rings respectively. At 3 and 5 (of the inner ring) and 3' and 5' (of the oute ring) positions, iodine atoms are attached Thus, it contains four iodine atoms and consequently called T4. An alanine mole cule is attached at position 1 of the inner ring, while the position 4' of the outer ring contains an OH group Thyroxme wa discovered by Kendal (who, incidentally, also isolated the fundamental corticosteroids) in 1915, but its structural chemistr was established by Harrington in 1926. Tmodothyronine It's structure is otherwise same as T4 but it lacks the iodine atom a 5' of the outer ring (fig. 6.2.2) and consequently it is called T3. Triiodothyronine was discovered and studied extensively in th early 1950s by Gross, Pitt-Rivers and J D Tata. Reverse T3. The iodine at position 5 (of the inner ring) may be absent am the resultant structure is called reverse T3. Reverse T3 is biologically inert. In the blood of the new born, reverse T3 occurs i heavier concentration. BIOSYNTHESIS Fig. 6.2.3. Iodine cycle. [ NB. In this diagram, the nomenclature is as follows : indm = all forms of the element; I- = the ionic form, le, iodide ] The principal events are as follows : Iodine containing foods ar laken converted (reduced) into iodide (Kl) in the gastrointestinal tract reaches the thyroid gland (fig.6.2.3). Afterwards (1 From the blood, the Kl is taken up by the folhcular cells of the thyroid, a process called 'iodide trapping', this iodide trappm can occur despite electrical or chemical ('electrochemical) gradient That is, inspite of the facts that - (a) interior of the folhcular cells are negative (and hence will repel any -vely charged particle like iodide) or (b) mtracellular iodide concentratio is usually higher than that of the plasma (chemical gradient), flow of iodide occurs from blood to the interior of the folhcula cells. This (= iodide trapping), therefore requires energy and comes from break down of ATP. Iodide trapping also involve participation of Nan- K+ ATPase enzyme and supply of oxygen. Perchlorate and pertechnetate ions can compete with iodide for gaming entry into the folhcular cell fie, when these ions are present in sufficient numbers, they rather than the iodides ar Irapped by the folhcular cells). Although use of perchlorate in therapeutics (to reduce thyroxme synthesis in Grave's disease is now obsolete, pertechnatate is used in thyroid imaging procedure, see later, this chapter. TSH strongly facilitates indid Irapping. Iodide trapping also depends strongly upon autoregulation of thyroid (see later, this chapter). Salivary (and also th gastric) glands have some power of iodide (or even other halogens, like bromide) trapping There is an interesting speculation that the iodide trapping is carried out by a carrier and lecithin may be the carrier. (2) Oxidation of iodide : Insid Ihe folhcular cell, the Kl is rapidly oxidized to iodine (12). The details are unknown but some known facts are : (a) the oxidatio requires an enzyme called 'pero-xidase' One enzyme which may be the peroxidase has been isolated and it contains, heme (b),H202 is necessary for the oxidation and is manufactured locally, (c) hydrogen ions are removed by NADPH, (d) a intermediate step may be formation of mdinum (l+) ion. (3) Orginfication. The folhcular cells synthesize thyroglobulm whic consists of two subuints of polypeptide chains. In each polypeptide chain, there are several tyrosme (= para hydroxy pheny alanme) molecules. Iodine atoms now attach themselves with the tyrosme molecules to form MIT (monoiodotyrosme) or Dl" (duo doty rosin e) molecules. The MITs or the DITs still remain attached with the thyroglobulm. TSH facilitates this orgamficatio and antithyroids like propylthiouracil inhibits orgamfication. (4) Coupling Two DITs fuse (although the fused complex remain within the thyroglobulm molecule) via an ether bridge (fig. 6. 2. 2), alanine side chain is replaced by a phenolic OH group in th outer (also called p ring, and a molecule of thyroxme (T4) is formed It still remains attached with thyroglobulm. One molecul of DIT and one MIT may also couple to form tmodothyronme (T) The process of fusion (to form T4 or T3) is called coupling Coupling requires oxidation and presence of the peroxidase mentioned in step 3 (above) is necessary Coupling is facilitate! by TSH and opposed by the antithyroids. The folhcular cell now extrudes little thyroglobulm (containing T4 and T, compounds) into the preexisting colloid of the acinus and the thyroid hormones are stored
India gold futures tread water on dollar
MUMBAI (Reuters) - India gold futures treaded water on Thursday as the dollar stayed near its seven-week low against a basket of currencies, analysts said.
The most-active August gold contract was 0.04 percent higher at 14,945 rupees per 10 grams at 11:05 a.m.
The dollar hovered close to a seven-week low as steady stock markets and stronger U.S. home prices offset weak bank earnings and dented the greenback's safe-haven allure.
Gold is considered as an alternative asset to the U.S. currency.
"Gold may be on the higher side later supported by weak dollar and firm crude. The resistance is placed at 15,000 rupees," said Aurobinda Prasad, deputy manager-research, Karvy Comtrade.
Investors would also await jobless claims data from the U.S. to gauge direction in the precious metals complex.
Gold may be in the range of 14,880-15,00 rupees, said Kunal Shah, analyst with Nirmal Bang Commodities.
Open interest for August gold on MCX was at 12,985 lots, down from 13,175 a day earlier. Volume on Wednesday was 25.31 kg
The most-active August gold contract was 0.04 percent higher at 14,945 rupees per 10 grams at 11:05 a.m.
The dollar hovered close to a seven-week low as steady stock markets and stronger U.S. home prices offset weak bank earnings and dented the greenback's safe-haven allure.
Gold is considered as an alternative asset to the U.S. currency.
"Gold may be on the higher side later supported by weak dollar and firm crude. The resistance is placed at 15,000 rupees," said Aurobinda Prasad, deputy manager-research, Karvy Comtrade.
Investors would also await jobless claims data from the U.S. to gauge direction in the precious metals complex.
Gold may be in the range of 14,880-15,00 rupees, said Kunal Shah, analyst with Nirmal Bang Commodities.
Open interest for August gold on MCX was at 12,985 lots, down from 13,175 a day earlier. Volume on Wednesday was 25.31 kg
Gold inches up, but off 6-wk high; eyes stocks, oil
TOKYO (Reuters) - Gold prices inched up on Friday but were off a six-week high hit the previous day, with investors eyeing the dollar and stocks for direction as growing recovery hopes fuel inflation concerns and boost bullion's appeal as a hedge.
Gold may also benefit from broad strength in commodities as investor risk appetite grows with the rally in equities markets.
Traders said activity was subdued but that they were looking at stock markets, oil prices, the dollar and how overseas markets develop later in the day to determine whether gold can advance toward $960 levels, which they said was the near-term resistance level.
"Risk appetite seems to have picked up quite a bit as seen in rising stock markets," said Adrian Koh, an analyst at Phillip Futures in Singapore.
"If we are looking at gold from a commodities point of view (including oil), then an increase in risk appetite could also support gold prices, as people would tend to buy riskier assets such as commodities," he said.
But if investors view gold as a safe-haven, then a rise in risk appetite would weigh on gold.
"But I guess the former is predominant for now," he said.
Spot gold edged up 0.2 percent to $948.80 per ounce as of 0306 GMT, compared with New York's notional close of $947.15 per ounce o
Gold may also benefit from broad strength in commodities as investor risk appetite grows with the rally in equities markets.
Traders said activity was subdued but that they were looking at stock markets, oil prices, the dollar and how overseas markets develop later in the day to determine whether gold can advance toward $960 levels, which they said was the near-term resistance level.
"Risk appetite seems to have picked up quite a bit as seen in rising stock markets," said Adrian Koh, an analyst at Phillip Futures in Singapore.
"If we are looking at gold from a commodities point of view (including oil), then an increase in risk appetite could also support gold prices, as people would tend to buy riskier assets such as commodities," he said.
But if investors view gold as a safe-haven, then a rise in risk appetite would weigh on gold.
"But I guess the former is predominant for now," he said.
Spot gold edged up 0.2 percent to $948.80 per ounce as of 0306 GMT, compared with New York's notional close of $947.15 per ounce o
Gold revisits 15K-level on higher global cues
MUMBAI (Reuters) - India's gold buying remained slack in the local market on Friday with traders reluctant to enter into deals as spot prices stayed above the keenly-watched 15,000 rupees, dealers said.
"Traders are feeling uncomfortable to bid gold at 15,000 rupees," said a dealer with a private bank in Mumbai.
Scoatia Mocatta quoted gold at 15,100 rupees per 10 grams as against 15,180 rupees on Thursday.
A seasonal slack period is underway in India for gold trade due to monsoons, when fewer weddings takes place.
Dealers expect buying to revive by August-end, when traders would seek to replenish stock for the festival season.
"Demand would pick-up again if prices fall to $930 an ounce," said another dealer with a state-run bank.
"Traders are feeling uncomfortable to bid gold at 15,000 rupees," said a dealer with a private bank in Mumbai.
Scoatia Mocatta quoted gold at 15,100 rupees per 10 grams as against 15,180 rupees on Thursday.
A seasonal slack period is underway in India for gold trade due to monsoons, when fewer weddings takes place.
Dealers expect buying to revive by August-end, when traders would seek to replenish stock for the festival season.
"Demand would pick-up again if prices fall to $930 an ounce," said another dealer with a state-run bank.
Silver also firmed up smartly on fresh demand from industrial users.
Gold rose to a six-week high in Europe today as weakening dollar boosted interest in other hard assets, including bullion. Spot gold was bid at $952.40 an ounce as against $950.40 an ounce late in New York on Wednesday. In early trade, it touched a high of $956.50 an ounce. Silver was at $13.74 an ounce as against $13.68. Turning to the domestic market, standard gold (99.5purity) shot up by Rs 85 per ten grams to Rs 15,020 from yesterday's closing level of Rs 14,935. The level had previously seen on April 1, 2009, when it was closed at Rs 15,130. Pure gold (99.9 purity) also hardened by Rs 90 per ten grams to Rs 15,095 from Rs 15,005. Silver ready (.999 fineness) rose by Rs 295 per kilo to Rs 22,800 as against Rs 22,505 yesterday
winning combination. There were some close calls along the way, but all in all, the USA proved they have what it takes to make it to the final.If the USA wins, they’ll become the second team in CONCACAF history to win three straight Gold Cup titles.“We as a group feel we’ve come a long way in this tournament,” USA’s Stuart Holden said. “But our job isn’t done yet. We want to finish it off by winning the final. You always want to play in these games. Whether it’s Mexico or Costa Rica in the final, we’ll prepare the same way.”Holden has been a bright star for the USA in the tournament, creating chances and most of all making noise in the midfield. He’s been all over the field. Thursday night he created chance after chance. And at the end of the match, he assisted both goals.“Anytime I’m on the field, I want to do well. I’m competitive,” Holden said. “The guys around me are doing a good job of finishing balls off. It’s been an all around effort since the first game.”Holden has tallied two goals and three assists for the USA in Gold Cup play. He donned Landon Donovan’s No. 10 jersey, by accident. And has without a doubt proved that he belongs at least on the senior side’s radar screen, if not the roster for upcoming games.“I think Stuart is a player that has been on the verge of getting into our team for a while he’s one of the players that came out of the Olympics where he did well,” U.S. Head Coach Bob Bradley said. “In the January camp, he came out with an injury so he missed an opportunity. The timing of this tournament was good for him and like others…I think he’s taken advantage of it.”At the end of the day, the USA out shot Honduras 17 to 10. It was one of their better performances thus far in the tournament, which puts them in good position for the final. All the players performed at the top of their game, making it hard for Honduras."The U.S. is known for playing collectively,” Honduras head coach Reinaldo Rueda said. “It's hard to say that one player stands out. This is what they've worked for in the last couple years. They have invested time and resources in this project, and it's finally paying off."U.S. striker Brian Ching, who wore the captain’s armband for the match, said the team will be ready, regardless of the opponent.“There will be a lot of pressure on us going into the final. But it’s pressure we look forward to,” Ching said.The USA will face the winner of Costa Rica-Mexico Sunday, July 26th at Giants Stadium in their third straight Gold Cup fina
Gold revisits 15K-level on higher global cues
revisited the 15,000-mark after a gap of 3-1/2 months on the
Gold revisits 15K-level on higher global cues
revisited the 15,000-mark after a gap of 3-1/2 months on the
He added: “The New Horizons vision is about promoting better mental health and wellbeing. It is also about high quality, responsive services, that intervene early and effectively to lessen the long-term effects of mental ill-health.
"Services that are focused not only on treatment outcomes, but on wider quality of life issues, strengthened by efforts to promote social inclusion and tackle stigma and discrimination of every kind.”
Peter Carter, Chief Executive of the Royal College of Nursing (RCN), said: “The chances are that everyone knows someone with a mental health issue, yet for far too long mental health has been hidden behind closed doors. Bringing the issue of mental health and wellbeing into the mainstream and making it everybody’s business is clearly a step in the right direction."
Plans to improve mental health must not sit on the shelf, Andrew McCulloch, Chief Executive of the Mental Health Foundation, warned.
He said: “A key test for all these proposals will be their implementation. We know from the previous mental health strategy that only initiatives with a clear delivery plan get done.
“The idea of a youth mental health service is a good one. The transition to adulthood is when many mental health problems can become embedded. Most people with a mental health problem have been diagnosed by the age of 18. It’s much more sensible, not to mention cost effective, to help people stay well than pick up the pieces later on in life when their problems have become more serious."
A spokesman for the Department of Health said: "The reading groups and allotments are examples of effective ways to promote mental wellbeing, we are not recommending that everyone in the country has access to these specific examples. Ultimately, the responsibility for commissioning mental health care and treatment rests with individual Primary Care Trusts."
USA Hopefuls Prove Themselves In Gold Cup
CHICAGO, Ill. - The U.S. Men’s National Team started the CONCACAF Gold Cup as the favorite in a sense, as the reigning two-time defending champion. But naysayers quickly turned up their noses when the roster was released. And now five games later… the USA is headed to the Final for the third consecutive year, and sixth time overall.They’ve done it all by doing one thing – playing their style of soccer.“We were confident in ourselves,” U.S. defensive midfielder Logan Pause said. “It was a different game this time, much tougher. We focused on ourselves and felt if we did the little things, we would have the advantage.”It’s worked effectively as the U.S. has collected a 4-0-1 record, while outscoring opponents 12-3. All-time in Gold Cup play, the USA has dominated opponents with a 36-4-5 record and outscoring them 85 to 26.This team was a younger team, lacking experience. But head coach Bob Bradley turned them into a winning combination. There were some close calls along the way, but all in all, the USA proved they
"Services that are focused not only on treatment outcomes, but on wider quality of life issues, strengthened by efforts to promote social inclusion and tackle stigma and discrimination of every kind.”
Peter Carter, Chief Executive of the Royal College of Nursing (RCN), said: “The chances are that everyone knows someone with a mental health issue, yet for far too long mental health has been hidden behind closed doors. Bringing the issue of mental health and wellbeing into the mainstream and making it everybody’s business is clearly a step in the right direction."
Plans to improve mental health must not sit on the shelf, Andrew McCulloch, Chief Executive of the Mental Health Foundation, warned.
He said: “A key test for all these proposals will be their implementation. We know from the previous mental health strategy that only initiatives with a clear delivery plan get done.
“The idea of a youth mental health service is a good one. The transition to adulthood is when many mental health problems can become embedded. Most people with a mental health problem have been diagnosed by the age of 18. It’s much more sensible, not to mention cost effective, to help people stay well than pick up the pieces later on in life when their problems have become more serious."
A spokesman for the Department of Health said: "The reading groups and allotments are examples of effective ways to promote mental wellbeing, we are not recommending that everyone in the country has access to these specific examples. Ultimately, the responsibility for commissioning mental health care and treatment rests with individual Primary Care Trusts."
USA Hopefuls Prove Themselves In Gold Cup
CHICAGO, Ill. - The U.S. Men’s National Team started the CONCACAF Gold Cup as the favorite in a sense, as the reigning two-time defending champion. But naysayers quickly turned up their noses when the roster was released. And now five games later… the USA is headed to the Final for the third consecutive year, and sixth time overall.They’ve done it all by doing one thing – playing their style of soccer.“We were confident in ourselves,” U.S. defensive midfielder Logan Pause said. “It was a different game this time, much tougher. We focused on ourselves and felt if we did the little things, we would have the advantage.”It’s worked effectively as the U.S. has collected a 4-0-1 record, while outscoring opponents 12-3. All-time in Gold Cup play, the USA has dominated opponents with a 36-4-5 record and outscoring them 85 to 26.This team was a younger team, lacking experience. But head coach Bob Bradley turned them into a winning combination. There were some close calls along the way, but all in all, the USA proved they
During the selection process, the educational qualification is also taken into account as it is not possible for everyone to cope up with the rigorous pressure of the MBA programs provided by the top MBA schools. Among the CAT 2008 toppers, interviewed by MBAUniverse.com, there were students who did not belong to engineering backgrounds such as Vipul Goyal. Vipul had done B.Com from Shri Ram College of Commerce, Delhi University. He scored 99.87 percentile in CAT and is now in IIM Indore. Also Sitaram Agarwal (99.53 percentile holder), and Anurag Goyal (99.56 percentile holder), were students of B.Com from St. Xavier’s College, Kolkata, University of Calcutta. Both are now students of IIM Ahmedabad and FMS respectively. Read their interviews here:
Allotments and computer training for mentally ill
A new initiative was launched by Phil Hope, care services minister to mark a new era in mental health, end the stigma associated with the condition and encourage early treatment.
Urban allotments, reading groups and computer training were highlighted as schemes that the NHS is being urged to provide under the New Horizons campaign.
Poor mental health is already believed to cost the economy £77 billion a year and the independent health think tank, the King’s Fund, has predicted the cost will double to over 10 per cent of GDP by 2026.
A consultation was launched to bring together different agencies including schools, employers, the NHS and the criminal justice system, to investigate how to improve mental health of the nation.
One of the ideas under consideration is a dedicated youth mental health service as problems often begin early in life, experts said.
Prevention and early treatment are key themes in the consultation along with removing stigma and ensuring patients receive care tailored to their needs.
One in six people will have a mental health problem at any one time.
Care Services Minister Phil Hope said: “Better mental health and wellbeing is vital for a healthy society. People with mental health problems are more likely to do other things that damage their health, such as have a poor diet, smoke or take drugs. So promoting good mental health is a key part of tackling many other health inequalities.
“Over the last ten years of the national service framework we’ve transformed mental healthcare but now we want to go further. Our aim is to build on recent achievements, whilst simultaneously taking the next logical step – helping to prevent mental health problems from developing in the first place. New Horizons will help us do this."
Steve Shrubb, Director of the Mental Health Network of the NHS Confederation said: “Promoting mental health is everyone's business and the coalition fully supports the move to embedding good mental health across society while continuing to improve services. Half of mental illness starts before the age of 14, Louis Appleby, National Director for Mental Health Services said and around half of these problems are preventable.
Allotments and computer training for mentally ill
A new initiative was launched by Phil Hope, care services minister to mark a new era in mental health, end the stigma associated with the condition and encourage early treatment.
Urban allotments, reading groups and computer training were highlighted as schemes that the NHS is being urged to provide under the New Horizons campaign.
Poor mental health is already believed to cost the economy £77 billion a year and the independent health think tank, the King’s Fund, has predicted the cost will double to over 10 per cent of GDP by 2026.
A consultation was launched to bring together different agencies including schools, employers, the NHS and the criminal justice system, to investigate how to improve mental health of the nation.
One of the ideas under consideration is a dedicated youth mental health service as problems often begin early in life, experts said.
Prevention and early treatment are key themes in the consultation along with removing stigma and ensuring patients receive care tailored to their needs.
One in six people will have a mental health problem at any one time.
Care Services Minister Phil Hope said: “Better mental health and wellbeing is vital for a healthy society. People with mental health problems are more likely to do other things that damage their health, such as have a poor diet, smoke or take drugs. So promoting good mental health is a key part of tackling many other health inequalities.
“Over the last ten years of the national service framework we’ve transformed mental healthcare but now we want to go further. Our aim is to build on recent achievements, whilst simultaneously taking the next logical step – helping to prevent mental health problems from developing in the first place. New Horizons will help us do this."
Steve Shrubb, Director of the Mental Health Network of the NHS Confederation said: “Promoting mental health is everyone's business and the coalition fully supports the move to embedding good mental health across society while continuing to improve services. Half of mental illness starts before the age of 14, Louis Appleby, National Director for Mental Health Services said and around half of these problems are preventable.
CAT 2009: 10 Q&As every CAT entrance exam aspirants should read
With CAT 2009 just round the corner, scores of MBA aspirants are still writing to MBAUniverse.com every day asking questions about the schedule of CAT 2009, exam methodology, and how to prepare for CAT 2009. We at MBAUiverse.com decided to cull out the key frequently asked questions, and answer them w
ith the help of our panel of inputs provided by IIMs, testing company Prometric, CAT & MBA experts
According to the information available with MBAUniverse.com, CAT entrance exam for 2009 is going to be held during a ten-day window starting from November 28 to December 7, 2009. While the IIMs have not released this information formally, MBAUniverse.com has learnt about these dates from reliable sources. We broke the news of these dates on June 26
In fact, IIM Ahmedabad on July 1, 2009, confirmed the dates indirectly. According to the IIM Ahmedabad website, CAT 2009 will be conducted during a ten-day window starting at the end of November 2009. (Click on this link to read the official IIM Ahmedabad document
According to IIMs, you have to buy the CAT 2009 voucher from the designated locations/bank branches after the advertisement appears in the newspapers. Candidate Testing Fee has been fixed at Rs. 1400 for general and Rs. 700 for SC/ST candidates. After registering yourself for the CAT entrance exam at their website, you will receive an email containing CAT 2009 Admit Card. Please ensure you have a valid email id.
From 2009, CAT entrance exam is going to be a computer-based test and it has been formally announced by the IIMs. Instead of reading the questions on a paper booklet and darkening the ovals on the answer-sheet, you will read the questions on a computer terminal and choose the answer by clicking a mouse. The format of the test will remain more or less the same. You can only take the test at designated test venues. At the test venue, you will be seated at a desk with a computer terminal and will be provided with a writing pad with numbered pages for calculations. This pad will be retained by the examiners. In order to familiarize yourself with the computer-based CAT exam, you should take more and more computer-based Mock Tests. All MBA coaching institutes offer computer-based Mock Tests nowadays. Also, you can check out online MBA coaching and test providing portals. Read the two article series of MBAUniverse.com, CAT 2009: MBA coaching portals logon to new computer-based format
The eligibility of taking CAT entrance exam is to obtain 50 per cent in graduation from any stream and any recognized college. The IIMs prefers candidates with work experience, but admission in a top MBA school depends on your performance of CAT entrance exam. If you do well in the written exam, you will get calls from various MBA schools for Group Discussion and Personal Interview. Depending on your performance in all three steps and quality of your CV, you will get admission offers.
ith the help of our panel of inputs provided by IIMs, testing company Prometric, CAT & MBA experts
According to the information available with MBAUniverse.com, CAT entrance exam for 2009 is going to be held during a ten-day window starting from November 28 to December 7, 2009. While the IIMs have not released this information formally, MBAUniverse.com has learnt about these dates from reliable sources. We broke the news of these dates on June 26
In fact, IIM Ahmedabad on July 1, 2009, confirmed the dates indirectly. According to the IIM Ahmedabad website, CAT 2009 will be conducted during a ten-day window starting at the end of November 2009. (Click on this link to read the official IIM Ahmedabad document
According to IIMs, you have to buy the CAT 2009 voucher from the designated locations/bank branches after the advertisement appears in the newspapers. Candidate Testing Fee has been fixed at Rs. 1400 for general and Rs. 700 for SC/ST candidates. After registering yourself for the CAT entrance exam at their website, you will receive an email containing CAT 2009 Admit Card. Please ensure you have a valid email id.
From 2009, CAT entrance exam is going to be a computer-based test and it has been formally announced by the IIMs. Instead of reading the questions on a paper booklet and darkening the ovals on the answer-sheet, you will read the questions on a computer terminal and choose the answer by clicking a mouse. The format of the test will remain more or less the same. You can only take the test at designated test venues. At the test venue, you will be seated at a desk with a computer terminal and will be provided with a writing pad with numbered pages for calculations. This pad will be retained by the examiners. In order to familiarize yourself with the computer-based CAT exam, you should take more and more computer-based Mock Tests. All MBA coaching institutes offer computer-based Mock Tests nowadays. Also, you can check out online MBA coaching and test providing portals. Read the two article series of MBAUniverse.com, CAT 2009: MBA coaching portals logon to new computer-based format
The eligibility of taking CAT entrance exam is to obtain 50 per cent in graduation from any stream and any recognized college. The IIMs prefers candidates with work experience, but admission in a top MBA school depends on your performance of CAT entrance exam. If you do well in the written exam, you will get calls from various MBA schools for Group Discussion and Personal Interview. Depending on your performance in all three steps and quality of your CV, you will get admission offers.
Computer vision syndrome in many computer users
Approximately 90 million people are estimated to be using computers worldwide. Following such widespread use of computers, concerns have been raised about various health problems being reported by computer users. The most common symptoms reported following repeated and prolonged computer usage are visual symptoms, including eye strain, tired eyes, irritation, burning, redness, blurred vision and double vision. These complaints have been grouped together to form a syndrome known as the computer vision syndrome (CVS).
This study was conducted by Dr Nitin Batra of the Department of Ophthalmology at Christian Medical College and Hospital. A total of 200 computer users were included, randomly selected from ten software-training centres in the city. A strict inclusion criteria was followed. The subjects graded their ocular symptoms and tear-film tests were performed
Based on the diagnostic criteria, 98 subjects were labelled to have normal eyes, 64 subjects had mild and 20 had moderate CVS, he said. Severe CVS was noted in 18 subjects. In other words nearly 51 per cent of computer users had some form of CVS if they were using the PC for 2 hours per day at a stretch or 15 hours per week.
The consultant Ophthalmologists at CMC said that unfortunately most people are unaware of CVS and its prevention and management. This condition can be easily prevented by blinking the eyes frequently while working on the computer. It is also suggested to take a break after every 20 minutes of computer usage. Dr Nitin said that it was a preventable problem
This study was conducted by Dr Nitin Batra of the Department of Ophthalmology at Christian Medical College and Hospital. A total of 200 computer users were included, randomly selected from ten software-training centres in the city. A strict inclusion criteria was followed. The subjects graded their ocular symptoms and tear-film tests were performed
Based on the diagnostic criteria, 98 subjects were labelled to have normal eyes, 64 subjects had mild and 20 had moderate CVS, he said. Severe CVS was noted in 18 subjects. In other words nearly 51 per cent of computer users had some form of CVS if they were using the PC for 2 hours per day at a stretch or 15 hours per week.
The consultant Ophthalmologists at CMC said that unfortunately most people are unaware of CVS and its prevention and management. This condition can be easily prevented by blinking the eyes frequently while working on the computer. It is also suggested to take a break after every 20 minutes of computer usage. Dr Nitin said that it was a preventable problem
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